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74 publications found, searching for 'Gender '

  • Working Paper No. 1081 April 21, 2025

    The Rise and Rise of Feminist Macroeconomics: Who’s Recognizing?

    Günseli Berik, and Ebru Kongar
    Abstract

    Macroeconomics is arguably the most male-dominated field within the discipline of economics. Since the mid-1990s, feminist economists have thoroughly and meticulously challenged this field through empirical and theoretical analyses and proposed alternative starting points, frameworks, and models. We evaluate the contributions of five scholars—Nilüfer Çağatay, Diane Elson, Caren Grown, Stephanie Seguino, and Elissa Braunstein—who have […]

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  • Working Paper No. 1056 October 07, 2024

    Federal Tax Transfers and Demographic Transition: Balancing Equity and Efficiency

    Lekha S. Chakraborty, and Yadawendra Singh
    Abstract

    Against the backdrop of demographic transition in India, the study highlights the necessity of integrating the elderly population as a critical factor in formula-based intergovernmental fiscal transfers. The demographic transition, characterized by an increasing elderly population, imposes unique fiscal challenges on states, necessitating a revision of transfer formulas to ensure equitable and efficient resource distribution. […]

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  • Working Paper No. 1054 June 28, 2024

    Gender-Responsive Public Financial Management: The Indian Chronology of Gender Budgeting

    Lekha S. Chakraborty
    Abstract

    Gender budgeting is a public financial management (PFM) tool, used to ensure accountability mechanisms. The analysis of “process” indicators of gender-responsive PFM (GRPFM) reveals that India has been successful in integrating a gender lens within the budget cycle, including in the financial planning and allocation, and in effective implementation. However, a legally mandated GRPFM would […]

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  • Working Paper No. 1045 March 07, 2024

    Social Security and Gender Inequality

    Liudmila Malyshava, and B. Oak McCoy
    Abstract

    This inquiry examines the role of federal policy in gender inequality using the principles of institutional adjustment (Foster 1981; Bush 1987) in the context of the Veblenian dichotomy of habit formation. Specifically, the authors assert that Social Security, though exclusive at its inception in 1935, has undergone significant institutional adjustment. Today, Social Security plays a […]

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  • Working Paper No. 1027 August 07, 2023

    Structural Change and Gender Sectoral Segregation in Sub-Saharan Africa

    Izaskun Zuazu
    Abstract

    Structural change has long been at the core of economic development debates. However, the gender implications of structural change are still largely unexplored. This paper helps to fill this gap by analyzing the role of structural change in the gender distribution of sectoral employment in sub-Saharan African countries. I employ aggregate and disaggregate measures of […]

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  • Working Paper No. 1016 February 23, 2023

    Monetary Policy and the Gender and Racial Employment Dynamics in Brazil

    Patricia Couto, and Clara Brenck
    Abstract

    Monetary policy has been historically concerned with controlling inflation, using the interest rate as its main tool. However, such policies are not gender- or race-neutral. This paper explores econometrically the effect of changes in the interest rate for female and black employment creation in Brazil. We conduct a panel data fixed effects analysis for 13 […]

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  • Research Project Report July 08, 2021

    Scope and Effects of Reducing Time Deficits via Intrahousehold Redistribution of Household Production

    Ajit Zacharias, Thomas Masterson, Fernando Rios-Avila, and Abena D. Oduro
    Abstract

    Gender disparity in the division of responsibilities for unpaid care and domestic work (household production) is a central and pervasive component of inequalities between men and women and boys and girls. Reducing disparity in household production figures as one element of the goal of gender equality enshrined in the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) […]

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  • Working Paper No. 983 February 05, 2021

    Intrahousehold Allocation of Household Production

    Fernando Rios-Avila, Luiza Nassif Pires, and Abena D. Oduro
    Abstract

    In this working paper, we analyze factors that may explain gender differences in the allocation of time to household production in sub-Saharan Africa. The study uses time use survey data to analyze the determinants of time spent on household production by husbands and wives in nuclear families in Ethiopia, Ghana, Tanzania, and South Africa. We […]

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  • Working Paper No. 978 November 16, 2020

    Potential Impact of Daycare Closures on Parental Child Caregiving in Turkey

    Ebru Kongar, and Emel Memiş
    Abstract

    Daycares closed on March 16, 2020 in Turkey to prevent the spread of COVID-19. At the same time, the two most common nonparental childcare arrangements in Turkey—care of children by grandparents and nannies—became undesirable due to health concerns and in some cases also unfeasible due to the partial lockdown for individuals under the age of […]

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  • Working Paper No. 966 August 03, 2020

    Developing a Macro-Micro Model for Analyzing Gender Impacts of Public Policy

    Susan Himmelweit, and Jerome De Henau
    Abstract

    This paper discusses new methods of combined macro-micro analysis of labor demand and supply to investigate the gender impacts of public policy. In particular it examines how studies have used input-output analysis together with more or less sophisticated methods of allocating people to jobs to model the impact of public investment in care on the […]

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  • Working Paper No. 963 July 16, 2020

    The Early Impact of COVID-19 on Job Losses among Black Women in the United States

    Thomas Masterson, Michelle Holder, and Janelle Jones
    Abstract

    The COVID-19 pandemic seemingly appeared out of nowhere but changed nearly everything. As the pandemic unfolded, industries deemed nonessential were leveled. Many occupations in these industries are low-wage, and women constitute a greater share of America’s low-wage labor force than men. Even as some workers were able to do their jobs from their homes, a […]

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  • Working Paper No. 959 June 25, 2020

    Distribution and Gender Effects on the Path of Economic Growth

    Ruth Badru
    Abstract

    This paper applies a robust empirical methodology, which considers issues relating to cross-country heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence, to inspect the contributions of gender equality and factor income distribution to an economy’s growth path. A dynamic model of aggregate demand is estimated on a unique panel dataset from 46 countries that are further grouped into developed […]

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  • Working Paper No. 957 June 05, 2020

    Notes on Intersectional Political Economy

    Luiza Nassif Pires
    Abstract

    This paper presents a critique of Karl Marx’s labor theory of value and his theory of falling profit rates from an intersectional political economy perspective. Specifically, I rely on social reproduction theory to propose that Marx-biased technical change disrupts the social order and leads to competition between workers. The bargaining power of workers cannot be […]

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  • Working Paper No. 939 October 18, 2019

    The Macroeconomic Loss Due to Violence against Women and Girls

    Kijong Kim, Srinivas Raghavendra, Sinead Ashe, Mrinal Chadha, Felix Asante, Petri T. Piiroinen, and Nata Duvvury
    Abstract

    Violence against women and girls (VAWG) is a widely recognized human rights violation with serious consequences for the health and well-being of women and their families. However, the wider ramifications of VAWG for businesses, communities, economies, and societies are only recently being recognized. Despite this recognition, there are few studies exploring how the economic and social […]

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  • Research Project Report April 01, 2019

    Investing in Early Childhood Education and Care in Kyrgyz Republic

    Kijong Kim, and İpek Ilkkaracan
    Abstract

    Expansion of early childhood education and care (ECEC) services for all is a matter of the choices made regarding the allocation of public resources. As such, it is as much an issue of children’s well-being and gender equality as it is an issue of economic policy and fiscal allocation. This study—authored by Institute scholars Ipek […]

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  • Working Paper No. 920 January 17, 2019

    Macroeconomic Policy Effectiveness and Inequality

    Lekha S. Chakraborty, Marian Ingrams, and Yadawendra Singh
    Abstract

    Gender budgeting is a fiscal approach that seeks to use a country’s national and/or local budget(s) to reduce inequality and promote economic growth and equitable development. While the literature has explored the connection between reducing gender inequality and achieving growth and equitable development, more empirical analysis is needed on whether gender budgeting reduces gender inequality. […]

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  • Working Paper No. 899 January 12, 2018

    Gender Pay Gaps in the Former Soviet Union: A Review of the Evidence

    Tamar Khitarishvili
    Abstract

    The goal of this paper is to examine the patterns and movements of the gender pay gaps in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU) and to place them in the context of advanced economies. We survey over 30 publications and conduct a meta-analysis of this literature. Gender pay gaps in the region are […]

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  • Working Paper No. 888 April 20, 2017

    Gender, Socioeconomic Status, and Time Use of Married and Cohabiting Parents during the Great Recession

    Ebru Kongar, and Mark Price
    Abstract

    Using data from the 2003–14 American Time Use Survey (ATUS), this paper examines the relationship between the state unemployment rate and the time that opposite-sex couples with children spend on childcare activities, and how this varies by the socioeconomic status (SES), race, and ethnicity of the mothers and fathers. The time that mothers and fathers […]

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  • Working Paper No. 884 February 24, 2017

    Gendered Patterns of Time Use over the Life Cycle

    Ebru Kongar, and Emel Memiş
    Abstract

    Using data from the 2006 Turkish Time-Use Survey, we examine gender differences in time allocation among married heterosexual couples over the life cycle. While we find large discrepancies in the gender division of both paid and unpaid work at each life stage, the gender gap in paid and unpaid work is largest among parents of […]

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  • Working Paper No. 882 January 13, 2017

    Investing in Social Care Infrastructure and Employment Generation

    Kijong Kim, İpek Ilkkaracan, and Tolga Kaya
    Abstract

    This paper examines the aggregate and gender employment impact of expanding the early childhood care and preschool education (ECCPE) sector in Turkey and compares it to the expansion of the construction sector. The authors’ methodology combines input-output analysis with a statistical microsimulation approach. Their findings suggest that the expansion of the ECCPE sector creates more […]

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  • Working Paper No. 874 September 20, 2016

    “Engendering” Intergovernmental Transfers

    Lekha S. Chakraborty, and Abhishek Anand
    Abstract

    This paper seeks to evaluate whether a gender-sensitive formula for the inter se devolution of union taxes to the states makes the process more progressive. We have used the state-specific child sex ratio (the number of females per thousand males in the age group 0–6 years) as one of the criteria for the tax devolution. […]

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  • Working Paper No. 865 May 05, 2016

    Measuring Poverty in the Case of Buenos Aires

    Rania Antonopoulos, Ajit Zacharias, Thomas Masterson, and Valeria Esquivel
    Abstract

    We describe the production of estimates of the Levy Institute Measure of Time and Income Poverty (LIMTIP) for Buenos Aires, Argentina, and use it to analyze the incidence of time and income poverty. We find high numbers of hidden poor—those who are not poor according to the official measure but are found to be poor […]

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  • Working Paper No. 859 February 01, 2016

    The 2030 Sustainable Development Goals and Measuring Gender Inequality

    Lekha S. Chakraborty, and Bhavya Aggarwal
    Abstract

    Against the backdrop of the 2030 UN Agenda for Sustainable Development, this paper analyzes the measurement issues in gender-based indices constructed by the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and suggests alternatives for choice of variables, functional form, and weights. While the UNDP Gender Inequality Index (GII) conceptually reflects the loss in achievement due to inequality […]

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  • Working Paper No. 858 January 12, 2016

    Gender Dimensions of Inequality in the Countries of Central Asia, South Caucasus, and Western CIS

    Tamar Khitarishvili
    Abstract

    The collapse of the Soviet Union initiated an unprecedented social and economic transformation of the successor countries and altered the gender balance in a region that counted gender equality as one of the key legacies of its socialist past. The transition experience of the region has amply demonstrated that the changes in the gender balance […]

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Blithewood
Bard College
Annandale-on-Hudson, NY 12504-5000
845-758-7700
The Levy Economics Institute of Bard College, founded in 1986 through the generous support of Bard College trustee Leon Levy, is a nonprofit, nonpartisan, public policy research organization. The Levy Institute is independent of any political or other affiliation, and encourages diversity of opinion in the examination of economic policy issues while striving to transform ideological arguments into informed debate.