Publications

80 publications found, searching for 'Gender '

• Policy Note No. 2025/8
  October 08, 2025

  How Secure Is Wage Employment in Sub-Saharan Africa?

  Ajit Zacharias, Aashima Sinha, Abena D. Oduro, Nthabiseng Moleko, Thomas Masterson, and Fernando Rios-Avila
  Abstract

  Employment security refers to the ability of both formal and informal institutions to provide employed individuals protection against economic risks and support their economic progress. It is related, but not…more

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• Working Paper No. 1096
  October 07, 2025

  Gender Norms and Women’s Employment During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from India

  Amit Basole, M. K. Shravan, and R. Vijayamba
  Abstract

  We examine the role of household-level social norms regarding women’s mobility in determining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women’s employment. The shock of the pandemic containment measures, such…more

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• Working Paper No. 1093
  September 19, 2025

  “Trapped Inside a World of Labor”: Gender Gaps in Agricultural Productivity and Reproductive Labor in Malawi

  A. Haroon Akram-Lodhi
  Abstract

  This paper investigates the relationship between the work of reproductive labor and the efficiency of gender-segmented farm production in Malawi. It starts by presenting quantitative estimates of the gender gap…more

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• Working Paper No. 1090
  August 14, 2025

  Education and Economic Isolation

  Yousuf Daas, Sameh Hallaq, Danilo Leite Dalmon, and Jennifer Olmsted
  Abstract

  This study examines the impact of the Gaza blockade on private returns to education, with a focus on regional and gender disparities in the Palestinian territories. Using data from the…more

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• Working Paper No. 1083
  June 26, 2025

  Integrating the Social Reproduction of Labor into Macroeconomic Theory: Unpaid Caregiving and Productivity in Paid Production

  Mark Setterfield
  Abstract

  The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the integration of unpaid caregiving in the household into short- and long-term macroeconomic theory and, in particular, the theoretical structure of…more

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• Research Project Report
  May 20, 2025

  Investing in Early Childhood Education and Care Services in Jordan

  İpek Ilkkaracan, Ayse Aylin Bayar, Luiza Nassif Pires, Thomas Masterson, and Ajit Zacharias
  Abstract

  Written in October 2022, through a collaboration between Istanbul Technical University (ITU) and the Levy Economics Institute in New York by Ipek Ilkkaracan (ITU), Ayse Aylin Bayar (ITU), Luiza Nassif…more

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• Working Paper No. 1081
  April 21, 2025

  The Rise and Rise of Feminist Macroeconomics: Who’s Recognizing?

  Günseli Berik and Ebru Kongar
  Abstract

  Macroeconomics is arguably the most male-dominated field within the discipline of economics. Since the mid-1990s, feminist economists have thoroughly and meticulously challenged this field through empirical and theoretical analyses and…more

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• Working Paper No. 1056
  October 07, 2024

  Federal Tax Transfers and Demographic Transition: Balancing Equity and Efficiency

  Lekha S. Chakraborty and Yadawendra Singh
  Abstract

  Against the backdrop of demographic transition in India, the study highlights the necessity of integrating the elderly population as a critical factor in formula-based intergovernmental fiscal transfers. The demographic transition,…more

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• Working Paper No. 1054
  June 28, 2024

  Gender-Responsive Public Financial Management: The Indian Chronology of Gender Budgeting

  Lekha S. Chakraborty
  Abstract

  Gender budgeting is a public financial management (PFM) tool, used to ensure accountability mechanisms. The analysis of “process” indicators of gender-responsive PFM (GRPFM) reveals that India has been successful in…more

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• Working Paper No. 1045
  March 07, 2024

  Social Security and Gender Inequality

  Liudmila Malyshava and B. Oak McCoy
  Abstract

  This inquiry examines the role of federal policy in gender inequality using the principles of institutional adjustment (Foster 1981; Bush 1987) in the context of the Veblenian dichotomy of habit…more

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• Working Paper No. 1027
  August 07, 2023

  Structural Change and Gender Sectoral Segregation in Sub-Saharan Africa

  Izaskun Zuazu
  Abstract

  Structural change has long been at the core of economic development debates. However, the gender implications of structural change are still largely unexplored. This paper helps to fill this gap…more

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• Working Paper No. 1016
  February 23, 2023

  Monetary Policy and the Gender and Racial Employment Dynamics in Brazil

  Patricia Couto and Clara Brenck
  Abstract

  Monetary policy has been historically concerned with controlling inflation, using the interest rate as its main tool. However, such policies are not gender- or race-neutral. This paper explores econometrically the…more

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• Research Project Report
  July 08, 2021

  Scope and Effects of Reducing Time Deficits via Intrahousehold Redistribution of Household Production

  Ajit Zacharias, Thomas Masterson, Fernando Rios-Avila, and Abena D. Oduro
  Abstract

  Gender disparity in the division of responsibilities for unpaid care and domestic work (household production) is a central and pervasive component of inequalities between men and women and boys and…more

  Download Research Project Report, July 2021 PDF (3.95 MB)
• Working Paper No. 983
  February 05, 2021

  Intrahousehold Allocation of Household Production

  Fernando Rios-Avila, Luiza Nassif Pires, and Abena D. Oduro
  Abstract

  In this working paper, we analyze factors that may explain gender differences in the allocation of time to household production in sub-Saharan Africa. The study uses time use survey data…more

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• Working Paper No. 978
  November 16, 2020

  Potential Impact of Daycare Closures on Parental Child Caregiving in Turkey

  Ebru Kongar and Emel Memiş
  Abstract

  Daycares closed on March 16, 2020 in Turkey to prevent the spread of COVID-19. At the same time, the two most common nonparental childcare arrangements in Turkey—care of children by…more

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• Working Paper No. 966
  August 03, 2020

  Developing a Macro-Micro Model for Analyzing Gender Impacts of Public Policy

  Susan Himmelweit and Jerome De Henau
  Abstract

  This paper discusses new methods of combined macro-micro analysis of labor demand and supply to investigate the gender impacts of public policy. In particular it examines how studies have used…more

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• Working Paper No. 963
  July 16, 2020

  The Early Impact of COVID-19 on Job Losses among Black Women in the United States

  Thomas Masterson, Michelle Holder, and Janelle Jones
  Abstract

  The COVID-19 pandemic seemingly appeared out of nowhere but changed nearly everything. As the pandemic unfolded, industries deemed nonessential were leveled. Many occupations in these industries are low-wage, and women…more

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• Working Paper No. 959
  June 25, 2020

  Distribution and Gender Effects on the Path of Economic Growth

  Ruth Badru
  Abstract

  This paper applies a robust empirical methodology, which considers issues relating to cross-country heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence, to inspect the contributions of gender equality and factor income distribution to an…more

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• Working Paper No. 957
  June 05, 2020

  Notes on Intersectional Political Economy

  Luiza Nassif Pires
  Abstract

  This paper presents a critique of Karl Marx’s labor theory of value and his theory of falling profit rates from an intersectional political economy perspective. Specifically, I rely on social…more

  Download Working Paper No. 957 PDF (684.41 KB)
• Working Paper No. 939
  October 18, 2019

  The Macroeconomic Loss Due to Violence against Women and Girls

  Kijong Kim, Srinivas Raghavendra, Sinead Ashe, Mrinal Chadha, Felix Asante, Petri T. Piiroinen, and Nata Duvvury
  Abstract

  Violence against women and girls (VAWG) is a widely recognized human rights violation with serious consequences for the health and well-being of women and their families. However, the wider ramifications of…more

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• Research Project Report
  April 01, 2019

  Investing in Early Childhood Education and Care in Kyrgyz Republic

  Kijong Kim and İpek Ilkkaracan
  Abstract

  Expansion of early childhood education and care (ECEC) services for all is a matter of the choices made regarding the allocation of public resources. As such, it is as much…more

  Download Research Project Report, April 2019 PDF (348.37 KB)
• Working Paper No. 920
  January 17, 2019

  Macroeconomic Policy Effectiveness and Inequality

  Lekha S. Chakraborty, Marian Ingrams, and Yadawendra Singh
  Abstract

  Gender budgeting is a fiscal approach that seeks to use a country’s national and/or local budget(s) to reduce inequality and promote economic growth and equitable development. While the literature has…more

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• Working Paper No. 899
  January 12, 2018

  Gender Pay Gaps in the Former Soviet Union: A Review of the Evidence

  Tamar Khitarishvili
  Abstract

  The goal of this paper is to examine the patterns and movements of the gender pay gaps in the countries of the former Soviet Union (FSU) and to place them…more

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• Working Paper No. 888
  April 20, 2017

  Gender, Socioeconomic Status, and Time Use of Married and Cohabiting Parents during the Great Recession

  Ebru Kongar and Mark Price
  Abstract

  Using data from the 2003–14 American Time Use Survey (ATUS), this paper examines the relationship between the state unemployment rate and the time that opposite-sex couples with children spend on…more

  Download Working Paper No. 888 PDF (585.95 KB)