Publications

75 publications found, searching for 'Gender '

• Working Paper No. 858 January 12, 2016

  Gender Dimensions of Inequality in the Countries of Central Asia, South Caucasus, and Western CIS

  Tamar Khitarishvili
  Abstract

  The collapse of the Soviet Union initiated an unprecedented social and economic transformation of the successor countries and altered the gender balance in a region that counted gender equality as one of the key legacies of its socialist past. The transition experience of the region has amply demonstrated that the changes in the gender balance […]

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• One-Pager No. 50 October 22, 2015

  A Public Investment Priority for Job Creation in Turkey

  Kijong Kim, İpek Ilkkaracan, and Tolga Kaya
  Abstract

  This one-pager presents the key findings and policy recommendations of the research project report The Impact of Public Investment in Social Care Services on Employment, Gender Equality, and Poverty: The Turkish Case, which examines the demand-side rationale for a public investment in the social care sector in Turkey—specifically, early childhood care and preschool education (ECCPE)—by […]

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• Research Project Report September 22, 2015

  The Impact of Public Investment in Social Care Services on Employment, Gender Equality, and Poverty

  Kijong Kim, İpek Ilkkaracan, and Tolga Kaya
  Abstract

  Produced in partnership with the International Labour Organization, United Nations Development Programme, and UN Women, this report examines the demand-side rationale for a public investment in the social care sector—specifically, early childhood care and preschool education (ECCPE)—by comparing its potential for job creation, pro-women allocation of jobs, and poverty reduction with an equivalent investment in […]

  Download Research Project Report, August 2015 PDF (1.11 MB)
• Working Paper No. 838 May 28, 2015

  Οικονομία και μη αμειβόμενη εργασία

  Indira Hirway
  Abstract

  Η μη αμειβόμενη εργασία, η οποία εμπίπτει εντός των γενικών ορίων παραγωγής, αλλά εκτός των λογαριασμών εθνικού εισοδήματος, θεωρείται από τους εμπειρογνώμονες είτε ως «φροντίδα» είτε ως «εργασία». Η μη αμειβόμενη εργασία κατανέμεται σχεδόν πάντα άνισα μεταξύ ανδρών και γυναικών ενώ, αν συμπεριλάβει κανείς τόσο την αμειβόμενη όσο και την μη αμειβόμενη εργασία, οι γυναίκες […]

  Download Επιστημονική Εργασία υπό Εξέλιξη (Working Paper) No. 838 PDF (604.92 KB)
• Working Paper No. 838 May 28, 2015

  Unpaid Work and the Economy

  Indira Hirway
  Abstract

  Unpaid work, which falls outside of the national income accounts but within the general production boundary, is viewed as either “care” or as “work” by experts. This work is almost always unequally distributed between men and women, and if one includes both paid and unpaid work, women carry much more of the burden of work […]

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• Research Project Report August 28, 2014

  The Measurement of Time and Income Poverty in Korea

  Ajit Zacharias, Thomas Masterson, and Kijong Kim
  Abstract

  This report presents findings from a joint project of the Levy Economics Institute and the Korea Employment Information Service, with the central objective of developing a measure of time and income poverty for Korea that takes into account household production (unpaid work) requirements. Standard measurements of poverty assume that all households have enough time to […]

  Download Research Project Report, August 2014 PDF (1.77 MB)
• Public Policy Brief No. 136 August 28, 2014

  Can Child-care Subsidies Reduce Poverty?

  Ajit Zacharias, Thomas Masterson, and Kijong Kim
  Abstract

  In partnership with the Korea Employment Information Service, Senior Scholar Ajit Zacharias and Research Scholars Thomas Masterson and Kijong Kim investigate the complex issues of gender, changing labor market conditions, and the public provisioning of child care in Korea using the Levy Institute Measure of Time and Income Poverty (LIMTIP), an alternative measure that factors […]

  Download Public Policy Brief No. 136, 2014 PDF (706.36 KB)
• Working Paper No. 812 August 01, 2014

  Time Use of Parents in the United States

  Günseli Berik, and Ebru Kongar
  Abstract

  Feminist and institutionalist literature has challenged the “Mancession” narrative of the 2007–09 recession and produced nuanced and gender-aware analyses of the labor market and well-being outcomes of the recession. Using American Time Use Survey (ATUS) data for 2003–12, this paper examines the recession’s impact on gendered patterns of time use over the course of the […]

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• Policy Notes No. 4 June 04, 2014

  Μια δεκαετία στασιμότητας των μισθών

  Fernando Rios-Avila, and Julie L. Hotchkiss
  Abstract

  Στα τέλη της δεκαετίας του 1990, τα χαμηλά ποσοστά ανεργίας, οι αυξήσεις του κατώτατου μισθού και οι βελτιώσεις στην παραγωγικότητα της εργασίας συνέβαλαν στην άνοδο των μισθών, που μεταφράστηκε σε μια αθροιστική αύξηση των πραγματικών μισθών της τάξης του 12,4% από τα τέλη της δεκαετίας του 1990 μέχρι το 2002. Οι πραγματικοί μισθοί έμειναν στάσιμοι […]

  Download Σημείωμα Πολιτικής 2014/4 PDF (451.28 KB)
• Policy Notes No. 4 June 04, 2014

  A Decade of Flat Wages?

  Fernando Rios-Avila, and Julie L. Hotchkiss
  Abstract

  In the late 1990s low unemployment rates, increases in the minimum wage, and improvements in labor productivity contributed to a boost in wages, which translated into 12.4 percent cumulative growth in real wages from the late ‘90s until 2002. Real wages then stagnated despite continued growth in labor productivity. This period between 2002 and 2013 […]

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• Working Paper No. 806 May 30, 2014

  The Great Recession and Unpaid Work Time in the United States

  Kijong Kim, and Tamar Khitarishvili
  Abstract

  Poverty status is an important factor influencing household production and the unpaid work time associated with it due to the role of household production as a coping strategy in mitigating the impact of economic downturns. In this paper, we examine the presence of poverty-based asymmetries in the unpaid work time changes of men and women […]

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• Public Policy Brief No. 132 May 05, 2014

  How Poor Is Turkey? And What Can Be Done About It?

  Ajit Zacharias, Thomas Masterson, and Emel Memiş
  Abstract

  Gauging the severity of poverty in a given country requires a reasonably comprehensive measurement of whether individuals and households are surpassing some basic threshold of material well-being. This would seem to be an obvious point, and yet, in most cases, our official poverty metrics fail that test, often due to a crucial omission. In this […]

  Download Public Policy Brief No. 132, 2014 PDF (555.49 KB)
• Public Policy Brief No. 132 May 05, 2014

  Πόσο φτωχή είναι η Τουρκία και τι μπορεί να γίνει

  Ajit Zacharias, Thomas Masterson, and Emel Memiş
  Abstract

  H μέτρηση της σοβαρότητας της φτώχειας σε μια δεδομένη χώρα πρέπει να εξετάζει με έναν αρκετά περιεκτικό τρόπο το κατά πόσο τα άτομα και τα νοικοκυριά ξεπερνούν κάποιο βασικό όριο όσον αφορά την υλική ευημερία. Ωστόσο, αν και αυτό το σημείο πιθανώς να φαίνεται προφανές, στις περισσότερες περιπτώσεις οι επίσημες μετρήσεις της φτώχειας αποτυγχάνουν αυτή […]

  Download Κείμενο (Brief) Δημόσιας Πολιτικής Νο. 132 PDF (4.63 MB)
• Research Project Report May 01, 2014

  Time Deficits and Poverty

  Ajit Zacharias, Thomas Masterson, and Emel Memiş
  Abstract

  Official poverty lines in Turkey and other countries often ignore the fact that unpaid household production activities that contribute to the fulfillment of material needs and wants are essential for the household to reproduce itself as a unit. This omission has consequences. Taking household production for granted when measuring poverty yields an unacceptably incomplete picture, […]

  Download Research Project Report, May 2014 PDF (2.30 MB)
• Working Paper No. 797 April 23, 2014

  Gender-responsive Budgeting as Fiscal Innovation

  Lekha S. Chakraborty
  Abstract

  Gender-responsive budgeting (GRB) is a fiscal innovation. Innovation, for the purposes of this paper, is defined as a way of transforming a new concept into tangible processes, resources, and institutional mechanisms in which a benefit meets identified problems. GRB is a fiscal innovation in that it translates gender commitments into fiscal commitments by applying a […]

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• Working Paper No. 790 March 05, 2014

  Changes in Global Trade Patterns and Women’s Employment in Manufacturing

  Emel Memiş, Burca Kizilirmak, Şirin Saraçoğlu, and Ebru Voyvoda
  Abstract

  The purpose of this study is to explore the employment effects of changes in manufacturing output resulting from shifting trade patterns over the period 1995–2006. For 30 countries (21 OECD and 9 non-OECD countries) we estimate the changes in embodied labor content due to trade using factor-content analysis, breaking up the sources of these changes […]

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• One-Pager No. 46 February 12, 2014

  Φτώχεια χρόνου και κατανάλωσης στην Τουρκία

  Ajit Zacharias, Thomas Masterson, and Emel Memiş
  Abstract

  Το Μέτρο Φτώχειας Χρόνου και Κατανάλωσης του Levy Institute (LIMTCP) είναι ένα δισδιάστατο μέτρο που λαμβάνει υπόψη τόσο τις απαραίτητες καταναλωτικές δαπάνες όσο και το χρόνο που απαιτείται από τα νοικοκυριά για την επίτευξη ενός ελάχιστου επιπέδου διαβίωσης, παράγοντες που συχνά αγνοούνται από την επίσημη μέτρηση της φτώχιας. Στην περίπτωση της Τουρκίας, η εφαρμογή του […]

  Download Μονοσέλιδο No. 46 PDF (225.34 KB)
• One-Pager No. 46 February 12, 2014

  Time and Consumption Poverty in Turkey

  Ajit Zacharias, Thomas Masterson, and Emel Memiş
  Abstract

  The Levy Institute Measure of Time and Consumption Poverty (LIMTCP) is a two-dimensional measure that takes into account both the necessary consumption expenditures and the household production time needed to achieve a minimum standard of living—factors often ignored in official poverty measures. In the case of Turkey, application of the LIMTCP reveals an additional 7.6 […]

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• Working Paper No. 785 January 21, 2014

  Integrating Time in Public Policy

  Lekha S. Chakraborty
  Abstract

  Incorporating time in public policymaking is an elusive area of research. Despite the fact that gender budgeting is emerging as a significant tool to analyze the socioeconomic impacts of fiscal policies and thus identify their impacts on gender equity, the integration of time-use statistics in this process remains incomplete, or is even entirely absent, in […]

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• One-Pager No. 45 January 13, 2014

  Time Deficits and Hidden Poverty in Korea

  Ajit Zacharias, Thomas Masterson, and Kijong Kim
  Abstract

  Official poverty lines in Korea and other countries ignore the fact that unpaid household production contributes to the fulfillment of material needs and wants that are essential to attaining a minimum standard of living. By taking household work for granted, these official estimates provide an inaccurate accounting of the breadth and depth of poverty—and can […]

  Download One Pager No. 45 PDF (70.83 KB)
• One-Pager No. 45 January 13, 2014

  Έλλειμμα χρόνου και κρυφή φτώχεια στην Κορέα

  Ajit Zacharias, Thomas Masterson, and Kijong Kim
  Abstract

  Τα επίσημα ποσοστά φτώχειας στην Κορέα και σε άλλες χώρες αγνοούν το γεγονός ότι η άμισθη παραγωγή των νοικοκυριών συμβάλλει στην εκπλήρωση των υλικών αναγκών και των επιθυμιών που είναι απαραίτητες για την επίτευξη ενός ελάχιστου επιπέδου διαβίωσης. Με το να θεωρούνται δεδομένες οι δουλειές του νοικοκυριού, οι επίσημες εκτιμήσεις παρέχουν ανακριβή μέτρηση του εύρους […]

  Download Μονοσέλιδο No. 45 PDF (240.52 KB)
• Book Series December 17, 2013

  Gender Perspectives and Gender Impacts of the Global Economic Crisis

  Rania Antonopoulos
  Abstract

  With the full effects of the Great Recession still unfolding, this collection of essays analyzes the gendered economic impacts of the crisis. The volume, from an international set of contributors, argues that gender-differentiated economic roles and responsibilities within households and markets can potentially influence the ways in which men and women are affected in times […]

• Working Paper No. 768 July 02, 2013

  Evaluating the Gender Wage Gap in Georgia, 2004–2011

  Tamar Khitarishvili
  Abstract

  This paper evaluates the gender wage gap among wage workers along the wage distribution in Georgia between 2004 and 2011, based on the recentered influence function (RIF) decomposition approach developed in Firpo, Fortin, and Lemieux (2009). We find that the gender wage gap decreases along the wage distribution, from 0.64 log points to 0.54 log […]

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• Working Paper No. 765 May 14, 2013

  The Economic Crisis of 2008 and the Added Worker Effect in Transition Countries

  Tamar Khitarishvili
  Abstract

  Following the financial crisis of 2008, transition countries—the economies of Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union—experienced an increase in female labor force participation rates and a decrease in male labor force participation rates, in part because male-dominated sectors were hit the hardest. These developments have prompted many to argue that women have […]

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