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  • Policy Notes No. 5 June 07, 2012

    Η λιτότητα που δεν υπήρξε ποτέ;

    Rainer Kattel, and Ringa Raudla
    Abstract

    Οι οικονομίες της Βαλτικής παρουσιάζονται συχνά ως παράδειγμα ενός επιτυχημένου προγράμματος λιτότητας, με την εφαρμογή της «εσωτερικής» υποτίμησης ως στρατηγική για οικονομική ανάκαμψη. Σε αυτό το Σημείωμα Πολιτικής εξετάζουμε αν το σχέδιο λιτότητας που επιβλήθηκε στις οικονομίες της Βαλτικής ήταν όντως επιτυχημένο και, πιο σημαντικό, αν μπορεί να αναπαραχθεί κάπου άλλου. Υποστηρίζουμε ότι η πρόσφατη […]

    Download Σημείωμα Πολιτικής 2012/5 PDF (340.60 KB)
  • Working Paper No. 725 May 17, 2012

    Problems with Regional Production Functions and Estimates of Agglomeration Economies

    Jesus Felipe, and John McCombie
    Abstract

    Over the last 20 years or so, mainstream economists have become more interested in spatial economics and have introduced largely neoclassical economic concepts and tools to explain phenomena that were previously the preserve of economic geographers. One of these concepts is the aggregate production function, which is also central to much of regional growth theory. […]

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  • Working Paper No. 724 May 17, 2012

    Post-Keynesian Institutionalism after the Great Recession

    Charles J. Whalen
    Abstract

    This paper surveys the context and contours of contemporary Post-Keynesian Institutionalism (PKI). It begins by reviewing recent criticism of conventional economics by prominent economists as well as examining, within the current context, important research that paved the way for PKI. It then sketches essential elements of PKI—drawing heavily on the contributions of Hyman Minsky—and identifies […]

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  • Working Paper No. 724 May 17, 2012

    Ο Θεσμικός μετα-Κεϋνσιανισμός μετά τη Μεγάλη Κάμψη

    Charles J. Whalen
    Abstract

    Η εργασία αυτή ερευνά το πλαίσιο και το περίγραμμα του σύγχρονου Θεσμικού μετα-Κεϋνσιανισμού (ΘΜΚ). Ξεκινά με την ανασκόπηση της πρόσφατης κριτικής διακεκριμένων οικονομολόγων στα παραδοσιακά οικονομικά και εξετάζει, εντός του ισχύοντος πλαισίου, τις σημαντικότερες πτυχές της έρευνας που άνοιξαν το δρόμο για το ΘΜΚ. Στη συνέχεια, σκιαγραφεί τα βασικά στοιχεία του ΘΜΚ, αντλώντας σε μεγάλο […]

    Download Επιστημονική εργασία υπό εξέλιξη (Working Paper) No. 724 PDF (500.87 KB)
  • Working Paper No. 723 May 14, 2012

    Fiscal Policy, Unemployment Insurance, and Financial Crises in a Model of Growth and Distribution

    Abstract

    Recently, some have wondered whether a fiscal stimulus plan could reduce the government’s budget deficit. Many also worry that fiscal austerity plans will only bring higher deficits. Issues of this kind involve endogenous changes in tax revenues that occur when output, real wages, and other variables are affected by changes in policy. Few would disagree […]

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  • Working Paper No. 722 May 11, 2012

    Guaranteed Green Jobs

    Antoine Godin
    Abstract

    In most economies, the potential of saving energy via insulation and more efficient uses of electricity is important. In order to reach the Kyoto Protocol objectives, it is urgent to develop policies that reduce the production of carbon dioxide in all sectors of the economy. This paper proposes an analysis of a green-jobs employer-of-last-resort (ELR) […]

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  • Working Paper No. 721 May 11, 2012

    Η κρίση ευρω-χρέους και το ευρωτρίλλημα της Γερμανίας

    Jörg Bibow
    Abstract

    Η εργασία εξετάζει τα αίτια της κρίσης χρέους στην ευρωζώνη, κυρίως τη συμβολή της Γερμανίας σε αυτή. Η εργασία προβάλλει το επιχείρημα ότι η κρίση δεν είναι πρωτίστως «κρίση δημοσίου χρέους», αλλά μια διπλή κρίση τραπεζικού τομέα και ισοζυγίου πληρωμών. Η ενδο-ανταγωνιστικότητα και οι ανισορροπίες στα ισοζύγια τρεχουσών συναλλαγών, και οι αντίστοιχες ροές χρέους που […]

    Download Επιστημονική εργασία υπό εξέλιξη (Working Paper) No. 721 PDF (3.33 MB)
  • Working Paper No. 721 May 11, 2012

    The Euro Debt Crisis and Germany’s Euro Trilemma

    Jörg Bibow
    Abstract

    This paper investigates the causes behind the euro debt crisis, particularly Germany’s role in it. It is argued that the crisis is not primarily a “sovereign debt crisis” but rather a (twin) banking and balance of payments crisis. Intra-area competitiveness and current account imbalances, and the corresponding debt flows that such imbalances give rise to, […]

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  • Working Paper No. 719 May 09, 2012

    Επαναπροσδιορίζοντας τη δημοσιονομική πολιτική μετά τη Μεγάλη Κάμψη

    Pavlina R. Tcherneva
    Abstract

    Το κείμενο αξιολογεί τις πρωτοβουλίες δημοσιονομικής πολιτικής που εφαρμόστηκαν κατά τη διάρκεια της Μεγάλης Κάμψης στις Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες. Η συγγραφέας του θεωρεί ότι, παρά το γεγονός ότι οι μη συμβατικές δημοσιονομικές πολιτικές που ήταν προσανατολισμένες προς τον χρηματοοικονομικό τομέα επισκίασαν τις συμβατικές αντικυκλικές προσπάθειες σταθεροποίησης προς τον πραγματικό τομέα της οικονομίας, η σχετική απογοητευτική επίπτωση […]

    Download Επιστημονική Εργασία υπό Εξέλιξη (Working Paper) No. 719 PDF (1.38 MB)
  • Working Paper No. 719 May 09, 2012

    Reorienting Fiscal Policy after the Great Recession

    Pavlina R. Tcherneva
    Abstract

    The paper evaluates the fiscal policy initiatives during the Great Recession in the United States. It argues that, although the nonconventional fiscal policies targeted at the financial sector dwarfed the conventional countercyclical stabilization efforts directed toward the real sector, the relatively disappointing impact on employment was a result of misdirected funding priorities combined with an […]

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  • One-Pager No. 30 May 04, 2012

    Η οικοδόμηση ενός αποτελεσματικού ρυθμιστικού συστήματος απαιτεί μια θεωρία χρηματοοικονομικής αστάθειας

    Jan Kregel, and Dimitri B. Papadimitriou
    Abstract

    Ο Χάιμαν Μίνσκυ είχε συγκεκριμένες απόψεις για το πώς θα έπρεπε να αναδιαμορφωθεί το ρυθμιστικό σύστημα και η χρηματοοικονομική αρχιτεκτονική, και ένα από τα πολλά μαθήματα που μπορούμε να αντλήσουμε από το έργο του είναι ότι υπάρχει μια στενή σχέση ανάμεσα στον τρόπο που σκεφτόμαστε για την προοπτική της αστάθειας των χρηματοπιστωτικών αγορών και το […]

    Download Μονοσέλιδο Νο. 30 PDF (240.61 KB)
  • One-Pager No. 30 May 04, 2012

    Building Effective Regulation Requires a Theory of Financial Instability

    Jan Kregel, and Dimitri B. Papadimitriou
    Abstract

    Hyman Minsky had particular views about how the regulatory system and financial architecture should be reformulated, and one of the many lessons we can learn from his work is that there is an intimate connection between how we think about the prospect of financial market instability and how we approach financial regulation. Regulation cannot be […]

    Download One-Pager No. 30 PDF (57.10 KB)
  • Working Paper No. 718 May 04, 2012

    Aggregate Production Functions and the Accounting Identity Critique

    Jesus Felipe, and John McCombie
    Abstract

    In a reply to Felipe and McCombie (2010a), Temple (2010) has largely ignored the main arguments that underlie the accounting identity critique of the estimation of production functions using value data. This criticism suggests that estimates of the parameters of aggregate production functions cannot be regarded as reflecting the underlying technology of the industry. While […]

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  • Working Paper No. 717 May 03, 2012

    Μια εισαγωγή στην εναλλακτική ιστορία του χρήματος

    L. Randall Wray
    Abstract

    Η εργασία αυτή ενσωματώνει τις διάφορες συνιστώσες μιας εναλλακτικής, ετερόδοξης άποψης αναφορικά με την προέλευση του χρήματος και την ανάπτυξη του σύγχρονου χρηματοπιστωτικού συστήματος με τρόπο που να συνάδει με τα ευρήματα των ιστορικών και των ανθρωπολόγων. Όπως είναι γνωστό, η ορθόδοξη ερμηνεία της προέλευσης και της εξέλιξης του χρήματος ξεκινά με τη δημιουργία ενός […]

    Download Επιστημονική εργασία υπό εξέλιξη (Working Paper) No. 717 PDF (739.09 KB)
  • Working Paper No. 717 May 03, 2012

    Introduction to an Alternative History of Money

    L. Randall Wray
    Abstract

    This paper integrates the various strands of an alternative, heterodox view on the origins of money and the development of the modern financial system in a manner that is consistent with the findings of historians and anthropologists. As is well known, the orthodox story of money’s origins and evolution begins with the creation of a […]

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  • Working Paper No. 716 April 30, 2012

    Measuring Macroprudential Risk through Financial Fragility

    Abstract

    This paper presents a method to capture the growth of financial fragility within a country and across countries. This is done by focusing on housing finance in the United States, the United Kingdom, and France. Following the theoretical framework developed by Hyman P. Minsky, the paper focuses on the risk of amplification of shock via […]

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  • Working Paper No. 715 April 30, 2012

    Tracking the Middle-income Trap

    Jesus Felipe, Utsav Kumar, and Arnelyn Abdon
    Abstract

    This paper provides a working definition of what the middle-income trap is. We start by defining four income groups of GDP per capita in 1990 PPP dollars: low-income below $2,000; lower-middle-income between $2,000 and $7,250; upper-middle-income between $7,250 and $11,750; and high-income above $11,750. We then classify 124 countries for which we have consistent data […]

    Download Working Paper No. 715 PDF (1.31 MB)
  • Working Paper No. 714 April 26, 2012

    Managing Global Financial Flows at the Cost of National Autonomy

    Sunanda Sen
    Abstract

    The narrative as well as the analysis of global imbalances in the existing literature are incomplete without the part of the story that relates to the surge in capital flows experienced by the emerging economies. Such analysis disregards the implications of capital flows on their domestic economies, especially in terms of the “impossibility” of following […]

    Download Working Paper No. 714 PDF (766.53 KB)
  • One-Pager No. 29 April 18, 2012

    Eurozone Crisis 2.0

    C. J. Polychroniou
    Abstract

    Since last month’s Greek bond swap, various European leaders have declared the eurozone crisis over or “almost over.” But Euroland’s current economic reality begs to differ. No matter how much cheap money the ECB provides or how high the EC “firewall” rises, the region’s economic malaise can’t be cured without massive government intervention—the implementation of […]

    Download One-Pager No. 29 PDF (69.84 KB)
  • Strategic Analysis April 15, 2012

    Back to Business as Usual? Or a Fiscal Boost?

    Dimitri B. Papadimitriou, and Gennaro Zezza
    Abstract

    Though the economy appears to be gradually gaining momentum, broad measures indicate that 14.5 percent of the US labor force is unemployed or underemployed, not much below the 16.2 percent rate reached a full year ago. In this new report in our Strategic Analysis series, we first discuss several slow-moving factors that make it difficult […]

    Download Strategic Analysis, April 2012 PDF (522.53 KB)
  • Strategic Analysis April 15, 2012

    Πίσω στις συνήθεις τακτικές ή δημοσιονομική τόνωση;

    Dimitri B. Papadimitriou, and Gennaro Zezza
    Abstract

    Αν και η οικονομία φαίνεται να βελτιώνεται σταδιακά, οι ευρείς δείκτες καταγράφουν ότι το 14.5% του αμερικανικού εργατικού δυναμικού είναι άνεργο ή υποαπασχολήσιμο, ποσοστό όχι πολύ χαμηλότερο από το 16.2% που ήταν πέρυσι. Στην καινούργια έκθεση της σειράς Στρατηγική Ανάλυση, αναφερόμαστε αρχικά στους βραδυκίνητους παράγοντες που δυσκολεύουν την επίτευξη μιας ολοκληρωμένης και βιώσιμης οικονομικής ανάκαμψης: […]

    Download Στρατηγική Ανάλυση, Απρίλιος 2012 PDF (1.09 MB)
  • Book Series April 10, 2012

    Beyond the Minsky Moment: Where We’ve Been, Why We Can’t Go Back, and the Road Ahead for Financial Reform

    Abstract

    This eBook traces the roots of the 2008 financial meltdown to the structural and regulatory changes leading from the 1933 Glass-Steagall Act to the 1999 Financial Services Modernization Act, and on through to the subprime-triggered crash. It evaluates the regulatory reactions to the global financial crisis—most notably, the 2010 Dodd-Frank Act—and, with the help of […]

    Download eBook, April 2012 PDF (1.98 MB)
  • Research Project Report April 10, 2012

    Using Minsky to Simplify Financial Regulation

    Abstract

    This monograph is part of the Institute’s research program on Financial Instability and the Reregulation of Financial Institutions and Markets, funded by the Ford Foundation. Its purpose is to investigate the causes and development of the recent financial crisis from the point of view of the late financial economist and Levy Distinguished Scholar Hyman Minsky, […]

    Download Research Project Report, April 10, 2012 PDF (295.37 KB)
  • Research Project Report April 10, 2012

    Improving Governance of the Government Safety Net in Financial Crisis

    L. Randall Wray
    Abstract

    This monograph is part of the Levy Institute’s Research and Policy Dialogue Project on Improving Governance of the Government Safety Net in Financial Crisis, a two-year project funded by the Ford Foundation. In the current financial crisis, the United States has relied on two primary methods of extending the government safety net: a stimulus package […]

    Download Research Project Report, April 9, 2012 PDF (1.08 MB)

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Blithewood
Bard College
Annandale-on-Hudson, NY 12504-5000
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The Levy Economics Institute of Bard College, founded in 1986 through the generous support of Bard College trustee Leon Levy, is a nonprofit, nonpartisan, public policy research organization. The Levy Institute is independent of any political or other affiliation, and encourages diversity of opinion in the examination of economic policy issues while striving to transform ideological arguments into informed debate.