Filter by

  • Reset

183 publications found, searching for 'L. Randall Wray '

  • Public Policy Brief No. 158 March 04, 2025

    That “Vision Thing”: Formulating a Winning Policy Agenda

    Pavlina R. Tcherneva, and L. Randall Wray
    Abstract

    For a PDF version of this Public Policy Brief, please click here. There are many ways to lose a presidential election, and pundits have come up with a long list: President Biden hung on too long; voters still weren’t ready for a female of color—too many are racist and sexist; too many leftists supported third […]

    Download Public Policy Brief No. 158 PDF (2.33 MB)
  • Working Paper No. 1076 February 07, 2025

    The Rise of the Modern Monetary System

    L. Randall Wray
    Abstract

    This working paper integrates the credit money approach (associated with Post Keynesian endogenous money theory) with the state money approach (associated with Modern Money Theory) by drawing on Wray’s 1990 book (Money and Credit in Capitalist Economies: The Endogenous Money Approach, Edward Elgar), his 1998 book (Understanding Modern Money: the Key to Full Employment and […]

    Download Working Paper No. 1076 PDF (494.14 KB)
  • Working Paper No. 1062 December 03, 2024

    The Value of Money

    L. Randall Wray
    Abstract

    This paper examines heterodox theories of the determinants of the value of money. Orthodox approaches that tie money’s value to relative scarcity of money or to the price level are rejected as inconsistent with the monetary theory of production embraced by heterodox traditions linked to Marx, Veblen, and Keynes. This paper examines and integrates (1) […]

    Download Working Paper No. 1062 PDF (536.95 KB)
  • Policy Notes No. 1 October 11, 2024

    The Boy Who Cried Wolf About Government Debt

    Yeva Nersisyan, and L. Randall Wray
    Abstract

    In a New York Times editorial, David Leonhardt recounts Aesop’s apocryphal story about the boy and the wolf, warning that while deficit hawks have so far been wrong, the growing government debt will eventually bite. He reports the economic plans of both presidential candidates would add to the debt that will soon exceed GDP and grow to 130 percent of annual output under a President Harris, or 140 percent with a Trump presidency.

    The story of the boy and the wolf was a fable, although it was within the realm of possibility. The fable of the debt wolf is not. While there are real world wolves—Leonhardt mentions climate catastrophe and autocratic leaders, and the authors would add rising inequality and the concentration of economic and political power in the hands of billionaires—authors Yeva Nersisyan and L. Randall Wray assert, federal debt is not one of them.

    Download Policy Note 2024/1 PDF (368.08 KB)
  • Working Paper No. 1055 September 18, 2024

    The Relation Between Budget Deficits and Growth: Complicated but Clear

    L. Randall Wray, and Eric Lin
    Abstract

    This paper looks at the relationship between government budget deficits and the growth rate of GDP. While orthodox economic theory offers several reasons to believe that growing deficits might be associated with slower growth, and would ultimately be unsustainable, Keynesians assert that deficits could stimulate growth—at least in the short run—implying the relation between deficits […]

    Download PDF (4.23 MB)
  • One-Pager No. 72 May 10, 2024

    If Government Can Print Money, Why Does It Borrow?

    L. Randall Wray
    Abstract

    Recently, the neglected question of why the US government borrows, given that it can print money, has arisen in the context of discussions surrounding a new documentary, Finding the Money. As L. Randall Wray observes in this one-pager, Modern Money Theory has been providing answers to this question for some time; and, he argues, it is a topic that mainstream economists are ill-equipped to address, since very few concern themselves with the monetary operations that underlie the question of why a currency-issuing government issues debt.

    Download One-Pager No. 72 PDF (123.67 KB)
  • Working Paper No. 1018 April 21, 2023

    The Unbearable Weight of Aging

    L. Randall Wray, Yeva Nersisyan, and Xinhua Liu
    Abstract

    The aging of the global population is in the headlines following a report that China’s population fell as deaths surpassed births. Pundits worry that a declining Chinese workforce means trouble for other economies that have come to rely on China’s exports. France is pushing through an increase of the retirement age in the face of […]

    Download Working Paper No. 1018 PDF (665.40 KB)
  • One-Pager December 07, 2022

    The Causes of Pandemic Inflation

    L. Randall Wray
    Abstract

    While the trigger for the Covid recession was unusual—a collapse of the supply side that produced a drop in demand—the inflation the US economy is now facing is not atypical, according to L. Randall Wray. In this one-pager, he explores the causes of the current inflationary environment, arguing that continuing inflation pressures come mostly from […]

    Download One-Pager No. 70 PDF (128.13 KB)
  • Public Policy Brief No. 157 April 12, 2022

    Is It Time for Rate Hikes?

    L. Randall Wray, and Yeva Nersisyan
    Abstract

    Roughly two years into the economic recovery from the COVID-19 crisis, the topic of elevated inflation dominates the economic policy discourse in the United States. And the aggressive use of fiscal policy to support demand and incomes has commonly been singled out as the culprit. Equally as prevalent is the clamor for the Federal Reserve […]

    Download Public Policy Brief No. 157 PDF (638.88 KB)
  • Working Paper No. 1003 March 04, 2022

    What’s Causing Accelerating Inflation

    L. Randall Wray, and Yeva Nersisyan
    Abstract

    This paper examines the recent increase of the measured inflation rate to assess the degree to which the acceleration is due to problems created (largely on the supply side) by the pandemic versus pressures created on the demand side by pandemic relief. Some have attributed the inflation to excess demand, most notably Larry Summers, who […]

    Download Working Paper No. 1003 PDF (803.24 KB)
  • One-Pager No. 69 February 21, 2022

    Time to Celebrate Modern Money Theory?

    L. Randall Wray, and Yeva Nersisyan
    Abstract

    A recent article in the New York Times asks whether Modern Money Theory (MMT) can declare victory after its policies were (supposedly) implemented during the response to the COVID-19 pandemic. The article suggests yes, but for the high inflation it sparked. In the view of Yeva Nersisyan and Senior Scholar L. Randall Wray, the federal […]

    Download One-Pager No. 69 PDF (140.61 KB)
  • Public Policy Brief No. 156 December 08, 2021

    Still Flying Blind after All These Years

    Dimitri B. Papadimitriou, and L. Randall Wray
    Abstract

    Institute President Dimitri B. Papadimitriou and Senior Scholar L. Randall Wray contend that the prevailing approach to monetary policy and inflation is influenced by a set of concepts that are a poor guide to action. In this policy brief, they examine two previous cases in which the Federal Reserve misread the data and raised rates […]

    Download Public Policy Brief No. 156 PDF (1,013.14 KB)
  • One-Pager No. 68 November 01, 2021

    Are Concerns over Growing Federal Government Debt Misplaced?

    L. Randall Wray
    Abstract

    With the US Treasury cutting checks totaling approximately $5 trillion to deal with the COVID-19 crisis, Senior Scholar L. Randall Wray argues that when it comes to the federal government, concerns about affordability and solvency can both be laid to rest. According to Wray, the question is never whether the federal government can spend more, […]

    Download One-Pager No. 68 PDF (106.37 KB)
  • Public Policy Brief No. 155 June 30, 2021

    Can Biden Build Back Better?

    L. Randall Wray, and Yeva Nersisyan
    Abstract

    President Biden’s proposals for investing in social and physical infrastructure signal a return to a budget-neutral policymaking framework that has largely been set aside since the outbreak of the COVID-19 crisis. According Yeva Nersisyan and L. Randall Wray, this focus on ensuring revenues keep pace with spending increases can undermine the goals internal to both […]

    Download Public Policy Brief No. 155 PDF (984.38 KB)
  • Policy Notes No. 3 June 08, 2021

    Why President Biden Should Eliminate Corporate Taxes to Build Back Better

    L. Randall Wray, and Edward Lane
    Abstract

    Edward Lane and L. Randall Wray explain how federal taxes on corporate profits are not well suited to either containing inflationary pressures or reducing inequality. They are not only a poor complement to President Biden’s proposed infrastructure plans, but are inefficient and ineffective taxes more broadly, according to Lane and Wray. The authors follow Hyman […]

    Download Policy Note 2021/3 PDF (353.00 KB)
  • One-Pager No. 67 June 07, 2021

    Should Corporate Tax Hikes Be Included in Biden’s “Build Back Better” Plans?

    L. Randall Wray, and Edward Lane
    Abstract

    President Biden has proposed pairing his American Jobs Plan with an increase in federal corporate income taxes. Leaving aside the issue of whether any tax increases are needed to “pay for” the plan, Edward Lane and L. Randall Wray assess the proposed corporate profits tax hike in terms of its ability to meet two objectives: […]

    Download One-Pager No. 67 PDF (115.38 KB)
  • One-Pager No. 65 February 17, 2021

    COVID Relief and the Inflation Warriors

    L. Randall Wray, and Yeva Nersisyan
    Abstract

    With the unveiling of President Biden’s nearly $2 trillion proposal for addressing the COVID-19 crisis, Democrats appear keen to avoid repeating the mistakes of the Great Recession—most notably the inadequate fiscal response. Yeva Nersisyan and L. Randall Wray observe that while Democrats are not falling for the “deficit bogeyman” this time, critics have pushed the […]

    Download One-Pager No. 65 PDF (129.56 KB)
  • Working Paper No. 985 February 08, 2021

    Has Japan Been Following Modern Money Theory Without Recognizing It?

    L. Randall Wray, and Yeva Nersisyan
    Abstract

    Modern Money Theory (MMT) economists have used Japan as an example of a country that demonstrates that high deficits and debt do not lead to insolvency, high interest rates, or inflation. MMT insists that governments that issue their own sovereign currency cannot be forced into insolvency, that they can make all payments as they come […]

    Download Working Paper No. 985 PDF (289.71 KB)
  • Working Paper No. 979 November 20, 2020

    Is It Time to Eliminate Federal Corporate Income Taxes?

    L. Randall Wray, and Edward Lane
    Abstract

    As the nation is experiencing the need for ever-increasing government expenditures to address COVID-19 disruptions, rebuild the nation’s infrastructure, and many other worthy causes, conventional thinking calls for restoring at least a portion corporate taxes eliminated by the 2017 Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, especially from progressive circles. In this working paper, Edward Lane and […]

    Download Working Paper No. 979 PDF (699.83 KB)
  • Working Paper No. 961 July 13, 2020

    The "Kansas City" Approach to Modern Money Theory

    L. Randall Wray
    Abstract

    Modern money theory (MMT) synthesizes several traditions from heterodox economics. Its focus is on describing monetary and fiscal operations in nations that issue a sovereign currency. As such, it applies Georg Friedrich Knapp’s state money approach (chartalism), also adopted by John Maynard Keynes in his Treatise on Money. MMT emphasizes the difference between a sovereign […]

    Download Working Paper No. 961 PDF (351.33 KB)
  • One-Pager No. 63 April 10, 2020

    Are We All MMTers Now? Not so Fast

    L. Randall Wray, and Yeva Nersisyan
    Abstract

    As governments around the world explore ambitious approaches to fiscal and monetary policy in their responses to the COVID-19 crisis, Modern Money Theory (MMT) has been thrust into the spotlight once again. Unfortunately, many of those invoking the theory have misrepresented its central tenets, according Yeva Nersisyan and L. Randall Wray. MMT provides an analysis […]

    Download One-Pager No. 63 PDF (123.04 KB)
  • One-Pager No. 62 March 13, 2020

    The Economic Response to the Coronavirus Pandemic

    L. Randall Wray, and Yeva Nersisyan
    Abstract

    As the coronavirus (COVID-19) spreads across the United States, it has become clear that, in addition to the public health response (which has been far less than adequate), an economic response is needed. Yeva Nersisyan and Senior Scholar L. Randall Wray identify four steps that require immediate attention: (1) full coverage of medical costs associated […]

    Download One-Pager No. 62 PDF (130.06 KB)
  • Public Policy Brief No. 148 January 31, 2020

    Can We Afford the Green New Deal?

    L. Randall Wray, and Yeva Nersisyan
    Abstract

    In this policy brief, Yeva Nersisyan and Senior Scholar L. Randall Wray argue that assessing the “affordability” of the Green New Deal is a question of whether there are suitable and sufficient real resources than can be mobilized to implement this ambitious approach to climate policy. Only after a careful resource accounting can we address […]

    Download Public Policy Brief No. 148, 2020 PDF (234.15 KB)
  • Book Series January 10, 2020

    A Great Leap Forward

    L. Randall Wray
    Abstract

    A Great Leap Forward: Heterodox Economic Policy for the 21st Century investigates economic policy from a heterodox and progressive perspective. Author Randall Wray uses relatively short chapters arranged around several macroeconomic policy themes to present an integrated survey of progressive policy on topics of interest today that are likely to remain topics of interest for […]

Newsletter

Subscribe

Stay Connected

Blithewood
Bard College
Annandale-on-Hudson, NY 12504-5000
845-758-7700
The Levy Economics Institute of Bard College, founded in 1986 through the generous support of Bard College trustee Leon Levy, is a nonprofit, nonpartisan, public policy research organization. The Levy Institute is independent of any political or other affiliation, and encourages diversity of opinion in the examination of economic policy issues while striving to transform ideological arguments into informed debate.