Publications

101 publications found, searching for 'Gender Equality and the Economy '

• Policy Note No. 2025/8
  October 08, 2025

  How Secure Is Wage Employment in Sub-Saharan Africa?

  Ajit Zacharias, Aashima Sinha, Abena D. Oduro, Nthabiseng Moleko, Thomas Masterson, and Fernando Rios-Avila
  Abstract

  Employment security refers to the ability of both formal and informal institutions to provide employed individuals protection against economic risks and support their economic progress. It is related, but not…more

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• Working Paper No. 1096
  October 07, 2025

  Gender Norms and Women’s Employment During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Evidence from India

  Amit Basole, M. K. Shravan, and R. Vijayamba
  Abstract

  We examine the role of household-level social norms regarding women’s mobility in determining the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on women’s employment. The shock of the pandemic containment measures, such…more

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• Working Paper No. 1093
  September 19, 2025

  “Trapped Inside a World of Labor”: Gender Gaps in Agricultural Productivity and Reproductive Labor in Malawi

  A. Haroon Akram-Lodhi
  Abstract

  This paper investigates the relationship between the work of reproductive labor and the efficiency of gender-segmented farm production in Malawi. It starts by presenting quantitative estimates of the gender gap…more

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• Working Paper No. 1083
  June 26, 2025

  Integrating the Social Reproduction of Labor into Macroeconomic Theory: Unpaid Caregiving and Productivity in Paid Production

  Mark Setterfield
  Abstract

  The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the integration of unpaid caregiving in the household into short- and long-term macroeconomic theory and, in particular, the theoretical structure of…more

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• Research Project Report
  May 20, 2025

  Investing in Early Childhood Education and Care Services in Jordan

  İpek Ilkkaracan, Ayse Aylin Bayar, Luiza Nassif Pires, Thomas Masterson, and Ajit Zacharias
  Abstract

  Written in October 2022, through a collaboration between Istanbul Technical University (ITU) and the Levy Economics Institute in New York by Ipek Ilkkaracan (ITU), Ayse Aylin Bayar (ITU), Luiza Nassif…more

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• Working Paper No. 1081
  April 21, 2025

  The Rise and Rise of Feminist Macroeconomics: Who’s Recognizing?

  Günseli Berik and Ebru Kongar
  Abstract

  Macroeconomics is arguably the most male-dominated field within the discipline of economics. Since the mid-1990s, feminist economists have thoroughly and meticulously challenged this field through empirical and theoretical analyses and…more

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• Working Paper No. 1056
  October 07, 2024

  Federal Tax Transfers and Demographic Transition: Balancing Equity and Efficiency

  Lekha S. Chakraborty and Yadawendra Singh
  Abstract

  Against the backdrop of demographic transition in India, the study highlights the necessity of integrating the elderly population as a critical factor in formula-based intergovernmental fiscal transfers. The demographic transition,…more

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• Working Paper No. 1054
  June 28, 2024

  Gender-Responsive Public Financial Management: The Indian Chronology of Gender Budgeting

  Lekha S. Chakraborty
  Abstract

  Gender budgeting is a public financial management (PFM) tool, used to ensure accountability mechanisms. The analysis of “process” indicators of gender-responsive PFM (GRPFM) reveals that India has been successful in…more

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• Research Project Report
  March 19, 2024

  Integrating Nonmarket Consumption into the Bureau of Labor Statistics Consumer Expenditure Survey

  Ajit Zacharias, Fernando Rios-Avila, Nancy Folbre, and Thomas Masterson
  Abstract

  In spring 2021, under the direction and encouragement of Commissioner William Beach, the US Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) kicked off a major initiative—to produce a measure of consumption to…more

• Working Paper No. 1045
  March 07, 2024

  Social Security and Gender Inequality

  Liudmila Malyshava and B. Oak McCoy
  Abstract

  This inquiry examines the role of federal policy in gender inequality using the principles of institutional adjustment (Foster 1981; Bush 1987) in the context of the Veblenian dichotomy of habit…more

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• Working Paper No. 1041
  February 02, 2024

  Amazon Green Recovery and Labor Market in Brazil

  Luiza Nassif Pires, Gilberto Tadeu Lima, Pedro Romero Marques, Tainari Taioka, and José Bergamin
  Abstract

  Announced in June 2021, the never-implemented Green Recovery Plan for the Brazilian Legal Amazon Region (GRP) would be a green transition initiative to be carried out by the state governments…more

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• Working Paper No. 1027
  August 07, 2023

  Structural Change and Gender Sectoral Segregation in Sub-Saharan Africa

  Izaskun Zuazu
  Abstract

  Structural change has long been at the core of economic development debates. However, the gender implications of structural change are still largely unexplored. This paper helps to fill this gap…more

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• Working Paper No. 1016
  February 23, 2023

  Monetary Policy and the Gender and Racial Employment Dynamics in Brazil

  Patricia Couto and Clara Brenck
  Abstract

  Monetary policy has been historically concerned with controlling inflation, using the interest rate as its main tool. However, such policies are not gender- or race-neutral. This paper explores econometrically the…more

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• Working Paper No. 1009
  August 08, 2022

  Efficacy of Public Financial Management in Reducing Crime against Children

  Lekha S. Chakraborty
  Abstract

  Public financial management (PFM) has a significant role in linking resources to results by financing human development outcomes. When economic stimulus packages are short run in nature, thematic PFM, such…more

  Download Working Paper No. 1009 PDF (559.16 KB)
• Research Project Report
  June 30, 2022

  Assessing the Impact of Childcare Expansion in Mexico

  Rania Antonopoulos, Ajit Zacharias, Thomas Masterson, Fernando Rios-Avila, and Luiza Nassif Pires
  Abstract

  There is broad consensus in both research and policy circles that one of the key reasons for a lack of progress in reducing gender gaps in employment and wages is…more

  Download Research Project Report, June 2022 PDF (1.25 MB)
• Working Paper No. 983
  February 05, 2021

  Intrahousehold Allocation of Household Production

  Fernando Rios-Avila, Luiza Nassif Pires, and Abena D. Oduro
  Abstract

  In this working paper, we analyze factors that may explain gender differences in the allocation of time to household production in sub-Saharan Africa. The study uses time use survey data…more

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• Working Paper No. 978
  November 16, 2020

  Potential Impact of Daycare Closures on Parental Child Caregiving in Turkey

  Ebru Kongar and Emel Memiş
  Abstract

  Daycares closed on March 16, 2020 in Turkey to prevent the spread of COVID-19. At the same time, the two most common nonparental childcare arrangements in Turkey—care of children by…more

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• Working Paper No. 966
  August 03, 2020

  Developing a Macro-Micro Model for Analyzing Gender Impacts of Public Policy

  Susan Himmelweit and Jerome De Henau
  Abstract

  This paper discusses new methods of combined macro-micro analysis of labor demand and supply to investigate the gender impacts of public policy. In particular it examines how studies have used…more

  Download Working Paper No. 966 PDF (334.51 KB)
• Working Paper No. 959
  June 25, 2020

  Distribution and Gender Effects on the Path of Economic Growth

  Ruth Badru
  Abstract

  This paper applies a robust empirical methodology, which considers issues relating to cross-country heterogeneity and cross-sectional dependence, to inspect the contributions of gender equality and factor income distribution to an…more

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• Policy Note No. 3
  April 20, 2020

  Immigration Policy Undermines the US Pandemic Response

  Martha Tepepa
  Abstract

  Research Scholar Martha Tepepa explains how the US response to the COVID-19 crisis will be hindered by its approach to immigration policy. The administration’s “zero tolerance” immigration campaign creates a…more

  Download Policy Note 2020/3 PDF (118.61 KB)
• Public Policy Brief No. 149
  April 14, 2020

  Pandemic of Inequality

  Thomas Masterson, Michalis Nikiforos, Fernando Rios-Avila, Luiza Nassif Pires, and Laura de Lima Xavier
  Abstract

  The costs of the COVID-19 pandemic—in terms of both the health risks and economic burdens—will be borne disproportionately by the most vulnerable segments of US society. In this public policy…more

  Download Public Policy Brief No. 149, 2020 PDF (539.32 KB)
• Working Paper No. 950
  April 08, 2020

  Public Charge in the Time of Coronavirus

  Martha Tepepa
  Abstract

  The United States government recently passed legislation and stabilization packages to respond to the COVID-19 (i.e., coronavirus disease 2019) outbreak by providing paid sick leave, tax credits, and free virus…more

  Download Working Paper No. 950 PDF (234.97 KB)
• Working Paper No. 939
  October 18, 2019

  The Macroeconomic Loss Due to Violence against Women and Girls

  Kijong Kim, Srinivas Raghavendra, Sinead Ashe, Mrinal Chadha, Felix Asante, Petri T. Piiroinen, and Nata Duvvury
  Abstract

  Violence against women and girls (VAWG) is a widely recognized human rights violation with serious consequences for the health and well-being of women and their families. However, the wider ramifications of…more

  Download Working Paper No. 939 PDF (1.34 MB)
• Research Project Report
  April 01, 2019

  Investing in Early Childhood Education and Care in Kyrgyz Republic

  Kijong Kim and İpek Ilkkaracan
  Abstract

  Expansion of early childhood education and care (ECEC) services for all is a matter of the choices made regarding the allocation of public resources. As such, it is as much…more

  Download Research Project Report, April 2019 PDF (348.37 KB)