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  • Working Paper No. 773 August 29, 2013

    Keynes’s Employment Function and the Gratuitous Phillips Curve Disaster

    Egmont Kakarot-Handtke
    Abstract

    Keynes had many plausible things to say about unemployment and its causes. His “mercurial mind,” though, relied on intuition, which means that he could not strictly prove his hypotheses. This explains why Keynes’s ideas immediately invited bastardizations. One of them, the Phillips curve synthesis, turned out to be fatal. This paper identifies Keynes’s undifferentiated employment […]

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  • Working Paper No. 772 August 29, 2013

    Ο επαναπροσανατολισμός της δημοσιονομικής πολιτικής

    Pavlina R. Tcherneva
    Abstract

    Στην παρούσα εργασία επιχειρείται η κριτική της δημοσιονομικής πολιτικής όπως εμφανίζεται στη θεωρία και εφαρμόζεται στην πράξη. Συγκεκριμένα, εξετάζονται δύο μέθοδοι σταθεροποίησης από την πλευρά της ζήτησης: η συμβατική δαπάνη για την τόνωση της ζήτησης (pump priming) και ο νέος προορισμός της αποτελεσματικότητας της δημοσιονομικής πολιτικής που εντοπίζεται σήμερα στη βιβλιογραφία γύρω από τη θεωρία […]

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  • Working Paper No. 772 August 29, 2013

    Reorienting Fiscal Policy

    Pavlina R. Tcherneva
    Abstract

    The present paper offers a fundamental critique of fiscal policy as it is understood in theory and exercised in practice. Two specific demand-side stabilization methods are examined here: conventional pump priming and the new designation of fiscal policy effectiveness found in the New Consensus literature. A theoretical critique of their respective transmission mechanisms reveals that […]

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  • Policy Notes No. 8 August 01, 2013

    «Ασυνήθιστες και επείγουσες συνθήκες»: Τρόποι με τους οποίους μπορεί η Fed να τονώσει την πραγματική οικονομία

    William Greider
    Abstract

    Αν και δεν είναι ευρέως κατανοητό, η Ομοσπονδιακή Τράπεζα των ΗΠΑ (Fed) διαθέτει τεράστια ανεκμετάλλευτη δύναμη για να τονώσει άμεσα την οικονομία ή να επηρεάσει τις ροές του δανεισμού και δαπανών που δημιουργούν θέσεις εργασίας. Αν λειτουργήσει με αυτό τον τρόπο, θα μπορούσε να εκπληρώσει τη συχνά παραμελημένη «διπλή εντολή» με την οποία είναι εξουσιοδοτημένη: […]

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  • Policy Notes No. 8 August 01, 2013

    “Unusual and Exigent”: How the Fed Can Jump-start the Real Economy

    William Greider
    Abstract

    Though it is not widely understood, the Federal Reserve has enormous untapped power to directly stimulate or influence the flows of lending and spending that generate jobs. Doing so would fulfill the Fed’s often neglected “dual mandate”: to strive for maximum employment as well as stable money. Fed technocrats often plead that legal or technical […]

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  • Policy Notes No. 7 August 01, 2013

    Ελάφρυνση του χρέους και η ισχύς της Ομοσπονδιακής Τράπεζας στη διαδικασία της δημιουργίας χρήματος

    William Greider
    Abstract

    Η νομισματική πολιτική έχει ξεμείνει από καύσιμα. Πριν από έξι χρόνια, η απάντηση της Ομοσπονδιακής Τράπεζας (Fed) στην χρηματοοικονομική κρίση ήταν τρομερή: Δημιούργησε τρισεκατομμύρια δολάρια και πλημμύρισε το σύστημα με εύκολο χρήμα—αρκετό για να σταθεροποιήσει τις χρηματοπιστωτικές αγορές και να διασώσει τις πληγωμένες τράπεζες. Μείωσε τα βραχυπρόθεσμα επιτόκια κοντά στο μηδέν και τα μακροπρόθεσμα επιτόκια […]

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  • Policy Notes No. 7 August 01, 2013

    Debt Relief and the Fed’s Money-creation Power

    William Greider
    Abstract

    Monetary policy is running out of gas. Six years ago, in the heat of crisis, the Federal Reserve’s response was awesome. The Fed created trillions of dollars and flooded the system with easy money—enough to stabilize financial markets and rescue wounded banks. It brought short-term interest rates down to near zero and long-term mortgage rates […]

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  • Working Paper No. 771 August 01, 2013

    Εξωτερικά και κρατικά ελλείμματα στην Ελλάδα

    Michalis Nikiforos, Laura Carvalho, and Christian Schoder
    Abstract

    Η εργασία εξετάζει την πορεία των κρατικών ελλειμμάτων και του δημόσιου χρέους στην Ελλάδα κατά τη διάρκεια των τελευταίων τριών δεκαετιών και τη σύνδεσή τους με το πολιτικό και οικονομικό περιβάλλον της ίδιας περιόδου. Οι συγγραφείς υποστηρίζουν ότι, από το 1980 έως το 1995, τα κρατικά ελλείμματα οδηγούν σε διόγκωση του εξωτερικού ελλείμματος, αλλά η […]

    Download Επιστημονική Εργασία υπό Εξέλιξη (Working Paper) No. 771 PDF (1.86 MB)
  • Working Paper No. 771 August 01, 2013

    Foreign and Public Deficits in Greece

    Michalis Nikiforos, Laura Carvalho, and Christian Schoder
    Abstract

    This paper analyzes the trajectories of the Greek public deficit and sovereign debt over the last three decades and their connection to the political and economic environment, paying special attention to the causality between the public and the foreign deficit. The authors argue that, from 1980 to 1995, causality ran from the public deficit to […]

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  • Working Paper No. 770 July 31, 2013

    Uncertainty and Contradiction

    Michalis Nikiforos
    Abstract

    This paper presents a discussion of the forces at play behind the economic fluctuations in the medium run and their relation with the short-run macroeconomic equilibrium. The business cycle is the result of two separate phenomena. On the one hand, there is the instability caused by the discrepancy between expected and realized outcomes. On the […]

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  • One-Pager No. 39 July 24, 2013

    The Impact of a Path to Citizenship on the US Economy and Social Insurance System

    Selçuk Eren
    Abstract

    Comprehensive immigration reform has long eluded Congress. Although the Senate recently passed a bill—S. 744, or the Border Security, Economic Opportunity, and Immigration Modernization Act—that would take significant steps toward comprehensive reform, it is currently being held up in the Republican-controlled House. The sticking point? The “path to citizenship” provision for undocumented immigrants included in […]

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  • Working Paper No. 769 July 19, 2013

    Quality of Statistical Match and Simulations Used in the Estimation of the Levy Institute Measure of Time and Consumption Poverty (LIMTCP) for Turkey in 2006

    Thomas Masterson
    Abstract

    The quality of match of the statistical match used in the Levy Institute Measure of Time and Consumption Poverty (LIMTCP) estimates for Turkey in 2006 is described. The match combines the 2006 Zaman Kullanim Anketi (ZKA 2006) with the 2006 Hanehalki Bütçe Anketi (HBA 2006). These are the national time-use survey and household income and […]

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  • Working Paper No. 768 July 02, 2013

    Evaluating the Gender Wage Gap in Georgia, 2004–2011

    Tamar Khitarishvili
    Abstract

    This paper evaluates the gender wage gap among wage workers along the wage distribution in Georgia between 2004 and 2011, based on the recentered influence function (RIF) decomposition approach developed in Firpo, Fortin, and Lemieux (2009). We find that the gender wage gap decreases along the wage distribution, from 0.64 log points to 0.54 log […]

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  • Working Paper No. 767 June 21, 2013

    Germany and the Euroland Crisis

    Jörg Bibow
    Abstract

    This paper investigates Germany’s vulnerability to the ongoing Euroland crisis. In 2010–11, Germany experienced a strong rebound from the global financial crisis of 2008–09. The Euroland crisis then meant record low interest rates and a depressed euro that boosted German extra-area exports. But the crisis that started in Euroland’s so-called periphery has meanwhile reached the […]

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  • Working Paper No. 767 June 21, 2013

    Η Γερμανία και η κρίση στην ευρωζώνη

    Jörg Bibow
    Abstract

    Η εργασία αυτή διερευνά την ευπάθεια της Γερμανίας στη συνεχιζόμενη κρίση της ευρωζώνης. Την περίοδο 2010–11, η Γερμανία ανέκαμψε από την παγκόσμια οικονομική κρίση του 2008-09. Η κρίση της ευρωζώνης εκείνη την περίοδο σήμαινε ιστορικά χαμηλά επιτόκια και πτώση του ευρώ, πράγμα που ενίσχυσε τον εξαγωγικό τομέα της Γερμανίας. Αλλά η κρίση που ξεκίνησε στη […]

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  • Working Paper No. 766 June 11, 2013

    Heterodox Shocks

    Abstract

    Should shocks be part of our macro-modeling tool kit—for example, as a way of modeling discontinuities in fiscal policy or big moves in the financial markets? What are shocks, and how can we best put them to use? In heterodox macroeconomics, shocks tend to come in two broad types, with some exceptions for hybrid cases. […]

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  • One-Pager No. 38 June 05, 2013

    Χρηματοοικονομική μεταρρύθμιση και η «φάλαινα του Σίτι»

    Jan Kregel
    Abstract

    Η πρόσφατη έκθεση της μόνιμης υποεπιτροπής της αμερικανικής Γερουσίας για τις έρευνες σχετικά με τις δραστηριότητες της μονάδας Συνθετικού Χαρτοφυλακίου Πιστοδοτήσεων της JPMorgan Chase, που είναι επίσης γνωστή ως η «φάλαινα του Σίτι του Λονδίνου», έστρεψε εκ νέου την προσοχή στους κινδύνους των χρηματιστηριακών πράξεων/αγοραπωλησιών για ίδιο λογαριασμό (proprietary trading) από ασφαλισμένες τράπεζες και αποκαλύπτει […]

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  • One-Pager No. 38 June 05, 2013

    Financial Reform and the London Whale

    Jan Kregel
    Abstract

    The recent report by the Senate Permanent Subcommittee on Investigations on the operations of JPMorgan Chase’s Synthetic Credit Portfolio unit—aka the London Whale—has brought renewed attention to the risks of proprietary trading for insured banks, and provides depth to the larger risks inherent in the financial system after Dodd-Frank.  

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  • Working Paper No. 765 May 14, 2013

    The Economic Crisis of 2008 and the Added Worker Effect in Transition Countries

    Tamar Khitarishvili
    Abstract

    Following the financial crisis of 2008, transition countries—the economies of Central and Eastern Europe and the former Soviet Union—experienced an increase in female labor force participation rates and a decrease in male labor force participation rates, in part because male-dominated sectors were hit the hardest. These developments have prompted many to argue that women have […]

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  • Working Paper No. 764 May 10, 2013

    Modeling the Housing Market in OECD Countries

    Philip Arestis, and Ana Rosa González
    Abstract

    Recent episodes of housing bubbles, which occurred in several economies after the burst of the United States housing market, suggest studying the evolution of housing prices from a global perspective. We utilize a theoretical model for the purposes of this contribution, which identifies the main drivers of housing price appreciation—for example, income, residential investment, financial […]

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  • Policy Notes No. 5 May 07, 2013

    The New Rome

    C. J. Polychroniou
    Abstract

    The European Union (EU) is a treaty-based organization that was set up after World War II as a means of putting an end to a favorite practice of the Europeans: sorting out their national differences by engaging in bloody warfare. The European experiment—the formation of a Common Market, which led eventually to economic and monetary […]

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  • Working Paper No. 763 May 07, 2013

    Το πρόβλημα με τα πλεονάζοντα αποθεματικά στο παρελθόν και σήμερα

    Walker F. Todd
    Abstract

    Η παρούσα εργασία εξετάζει από ιστορικό πλαίσιο τα πλεονάζοντα αποθεματικά και αναλύει αν αποτελούν πρόβλημα νομισματικής πολιτικής για την Ομοσπονδιακή Τράπεζα των ΗΠΑ (Fed) ή ένα ενδεχομένως πληθωριστικό πρόβλημα για τους υπόλοιπους από εμάς. Σε γενικές γραμμές, η ανάλυση δείχνει ότι τόσο σε απόλυτα όσο και σε σχετικά μεγέθη τα πλεονάζοντα αποθεματικά είναι ένα μεγάλο […]

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  • Working Paper No. 763 May 07, 2013

    The Problem of Excess Reserves, Then and Now

    Walker F. Todd
    Abstract

    This working paper looks at excess reserves in historical context and analyzes whether they constitute a monetary policy problem for the Federal Reserve System (the “Fed”) or a potentially inflationary problem for the rest of us. Generally, this analysis shows that both absolute and relative sizes of excess reserves are a big problem for the […]

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  • Policy Notes No. 4 April 29, 2013

    Lessons from the Cypriot Deposit Haircut for EU Deposit Insurance Schemes

    Jan Kregel
    Abstract

    In March of this year, the government of Cyprus, in response to a banking crisis and as part of a negotiation to secure emergency financial support for its financial system from the European Union (EU) and International Monetary Fund (IMF), proposed the assessment of a tax on bank deposits, including a levy (later dropped from […]

    Download Policy Note 2013/4 PDF (219.45 KB)

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Blithewood
Bard College
Annandale-on-Hudson, NY 12504-5000
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The Levy Economics Institute of Bard College, founded in 1986 through the generous support of Bard College trustee Leon Levy, is a nonprofit, nonpartisan, public policy research organization. The Levy Institute is independent of any political or other affiliation, and encourages diversity of opinion in the examination of economic policy issues while striving to transform ideological arguments into informed debate.