Publications

1695 publications found

• Policy Notes No. 1 January 30, 2014

  The Social Enterprise Model for a Job Guarantee in the United States

  Pavlina R. Tcherneva
  Abstract

  The job guarantee is a proposal that provides greater macroeconomic stability and secures a fundamental human right. Despite the economic and moral merits of this policy, often the program is rejected because of concerns about its administration. How would the program be implemented? Who will create the jobs? Can work be found for every unemployed […]

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• Policy Notes No. 1 January 30, 2014

  Το υπόδειγμα της κοινωνικής επιχείρησης για εγγυημένη απασχόληση στις Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες

  Pavlina R. Tcherneva
  Abstract

  Η πρόταση για εγγυημένη απασχόληση συμβάλλει στη μακροοικονομική σταθερότητα και εξασφαλίζει ένα θεμελιώδες ανθρώπινο δικαίωμα. Ωστόσο, παρά τα οικονομικά και ηθικά πλεονεκτήματα αυτής της πολιτικής, το πρόγραμμα πολύ συχνά απορρίπτεται λόγω ανησυχιών σχετικά με τη διαχείρισή του. Πώς θα εφαρμοστεί το πρόγραμμα; Ποιος θα δημιουργήσει τις θέσεις εργασίας; Μπορεί να λειτουργήσει για κάθε άνεργο που […]

  Download Σημείωμα Πολιτικής 2014/1 PDF (675.90 KB)
• Working Paper No. 787 January 28, 2014

  Unions and Economic Performance in Developing Countries

  Fernando Rios-Avila
  Abstract

  This paper analyzes the economic impact of unions on productivity in the manufacturing sector across six Latin American countries: Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Mexico, Panama, and Uruguay. Using an augmented Cobb-Douglas production function, the paper finds that unions have positive, but mostly small, effects on productivity, with the exception of Argentina, with a large negative effect, […]

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• Working Paper No. 786 January 21, 2014

  The Rational Expectations Hypothesis

  Alfonso Palacio-Vera, and Iván H. Ayala
  Abstract

  The rational expectations hypothesis (REH) is the standard approach to expectations formation in macroeconomics. We discuss its compatibility with two strands of Karl Popper´s philosophy: his theory of knowledge and learning, and his “rationality principle” (RP). First, we show that the REH is utterly incompatible with the former. Second, we argue that the REH can […]

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• Working Paper No. 785 January 21, 2014

  Integrating Time in Public Policy

  Lekha S. Chakraborty
  Abstract

  Incorporating time in public policymaking is an elusive area of research. Despite the fact that gender budgeting is emerging as a significant tool to analyze the socioeconomic impacts of fiscal policies and thus identify their impacts on gender equity, the integration of time-use statistics in this process remains incomplete, or is even entirely absent, in […]

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• Public Policy Brief No. 130 January 21, 2014

  What Remains of the Theory of Demand Management in a Globalizing World?

  Amit Bhaduri
  Abstract

  In our era of global finance, the theory of aggregate demand management is alive and unwell, says Amit Bhaduri. In this policy brief, Bhaduri describes what he regards as a prevalent contemporary approach to demand management. Detached from its Keynesian roots, this “vulgar” version of demand management theory is being used to justify policies that […]

  Download Public Policy Brief No. 130, 2014 PDF (173.20 KB)
• Public Policy Brief No. 130 January 21, 2014

  Τι απομένει από τη θεωρία της διαχείρισης της ζήτησης σε έναν παγκοσμιοποιημένο κόσμο;

  Amit Bhaduri
  Abstract

  Στην εποχή της παγκόσμιας χρηματιστικής, η θεωρία της διαχείρισης της συνολικής ζήτησης κρατιέται ζωντανή, αλλά η χρησιμότητά της δεν είναι η ίδια, λέει ο Amit Bhaduri. Στο παρόν κείμενο δημόσιας πολιτικής, ο Bhaduri περιγράφει αυτό που θεωρεί ως την επικρατούσα σύγχρονη προσέγγιση στη διαχείριση της ζήτησης. Αποκομμένη από τις κεϋνσιανές της ρίζες, αυτή η «χυδαία» […]

  Download Κείμενο (Brief) Δημόσιας Πολιτικής Νο. 130 PDF (418.89 KB)
• Working Paper No. 784 January 16, 2014

  Financial Crisis Resolution and Federal Reserve Governance

  Bernard Shull
  Abstract

  The Federal Reserve has been criticized for not forestalling the financial crisis of 2007–09, and for its unconventional monetary policies that have followed. Its critics have raised questions as to whom, if anyone, reins in the Federal Reserve if and when its policies are misguided or abusive. This paper traces the principal changes in governance […]

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• One-Pager No. 45 January 13, 2014

  Έλλειμμα χρόνου και κρυφή φτώχεια στην Κορέα

  Ajit Zacharias, Thomas Masterson, and Kijong Kim
  Abstract

  Τα επίσημα ποσοστά φτώχειας στην Κορέα και σε άλλες χώρες αγνοούν το γεγονός ότι η άμισθη παραγωγή των νοικοκυριών συμβάλλει στην εκπλήρωση των υλικών αναγκών και των επιθυμιών που είναι απαραίτητες για την επίτευξη ενός ελάχιστου επιπέδου διαβίωσης. Με το να θεωρούνται δεδομένες οι δουλειές του νοικοκυριού, οι επίσημες εκτιμήσεις παρέχουν ανακριβή μέτρηση του εύρους […]

  Download Μονοσέλιδο No. 45 PDF (240.52 KB)
• One-Pager No. 45 January 13, 2014

  Time Deficits and Hidden Poverty in Korea

  Ajit Zacharias, Thomas Masterson, and Kijong Kim
  Abstract

  Official poverty lines in Korea and other countries ignore the fact that unpaid household production contributes to the fulfillment of material needs and wants that are essential to attaining a minimum standard of living. By taking household work for granted, these official estimates provide an inaccurate accounting of the breadth and depth of poverty—and can […]

  Download One Pager No. 45 PDF (70.83 KB)
• Working Paper No. 783 January 10, 2014

  Options for China in a Dollar Standard World

  L. Randall Wray, and Xinhua Liu
  Abstract

  This paper examines the fiscal and monetary policy options available to China as a sovereign currency-issuing nation operating in a dollar standard world. We first summarize a number of issues facing China, including the possibility of slower growth, global imbalances, and a number of domestic imbalances. We then analyze current monetary and fiscal policy formation […]

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• One-Pager No. 44 December 19, 2013

  Επιλογές οικονομικής πολιτικής για την Κίνα

  L. Randall Wray
  Abstract

  Με την εφαρμογή της πολιτικής του ανοίγματος της οικονομίας, πριν από περίπου 35 χρόνια, η Κίνα απολαμβάνει υψηλά επίπεδα οικονομικής ανάπτυξης και άνοδο του βιοτικού επιπέδου για μεγάλο μέρος του πληθυσμού της. Ωστόσο, κάποιοι αναλυτές υποστηρίζουν ότι η Κίνα ενδέχεται να μην εξελιχθεί σε χώρα υψηλού εισοδήματος, υποτιμώντας με αυτόν τον τρόπο την ικανότητα της […]

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• One-Pager No. 44 December 19, 2013

  Policy Options for China

  L. Randall Wray
  Abstract

  Since adopting a policy of gradually opening its economy more than three decades ago, China has enjoyed rapid economic growth and rising living standards for much of its population. While some argue that China might fall into the middle-income “trap,” they are underestimating the country’s ability to continue to grow at a rapid pace. It […]

  Download One-Pager No. 44 PDF (67.56 KB)
• Book Series December 17, 2013

  Gender Perspectives and Gender Impacts of the Global Economic Crisis

  Rania Antonopoulos
  Abstract

  With the full effects of the Great Recession still unfolding, this collection of essays analyzes the gendered economic impacts of the crisis. The volume, from an international set of contributors, argues that gender-differentiated economic roles and responsibilities within households and markets can potentially influence the ways in which men and women are affected in times […]

• Working Paper No. 782 December 12, 2013

  Feasible Estimation of Linear Models with N-fixed Effects

  Fernando Rios-Avila
  Abstract

  In this paper an alternative approach for the estimation of higher-order linear fixed-effects models is described. The strategy relies on the transformation of the data prior to calculating estimations of the model. While the approach is computationally intensive, the hardware requirements for the estimation process are minimal, allowing for the estimation of models with more […]

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• Working Paper No. 781 December 10, 2013

  A Stock-flow Approach to a General Theory of Pricing

  Philip Pilkington
  Abstract

  The paper seeks to lay out a stock-flow-based theoretical framework that provides a foundation for a general theory of pricing. Contemporary marginalist economics is usually based on the assumption that prices are set in line with the value placed on goods by consumers. It does not take into account expectations, or the fact that real […]

  Download Working Paper No. 781 PDF (852.71 KB)
• Policy Notes No. 10 December 03, 2013

  Η συνεχιζόμενη καταλληλότητα των κρατικών ομολόγων με την κάλυψη φόρων (tax-backed bonds) για την ευρωζώνη

  Philip Pilkington
  Abstract

  Σε ένα σημείωμα πολιτικής που δημοσιεύθηκε πέρυσι από το Levy Institute, ο Philip Pilkington και ο Warren Mosler υποστήριξαν ότι η κρίση χρέους στην ευρωζώνη θα μπορούσε να λυθεί από τις εθνικές κυβερνήσεις χωρίς τη βοήθεια της Ευρωπαϊκής Κεντρικής Τράπεζας (ΕΚΤ), αλλά και χωρίς έξοδο από τη νομισματική ένωση, μέσω της έκδοσης μιας προτεινόμενης χρηματοοικονομικής […]

  Download Σημείωμα Πολιτικής 2013/10 PDF (467.25 KB)
• Policy Notes No. 10 December 03, 2013

  The Continued Relevance of Tax-backed Bonds in a Post-OMT Eurozone

  Philip Pilkington
  Abstract

  In a policy note published last year by the Levy Institute, Philip Pilkington and Warren Mosler argued that the eurozone sovereign debt crisis could be solved by national governments without the assistance of the European Central Bank (ECB) and without their leaving the currency union, through the issuance of a proposed financial innovation called “tax-backed […]

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• Working Paper No. 780 November 21, 2013

  Lost at Sea

  Jörg Bibow
  Abstract

  The euro crisis remains unresolved even as financial markets may seem calm for now. The current euro regime is inherently flawed, and recent reforms have failed to turn this dysfunctional regime into a viable one. Our investigation is informed by the “cartalist” critique of traditional “optimum currency area” theory (Goodhart 1998). Various proposals to rescue […]

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• Working Paper No. 779 November 15, 2013

  Hierarchy of Ideals in Market Interactions

  Aurélie Charles
  Abstract

  This paper argues that a hierarchy of ideals exists in market interactions that sets the benchmark on the norm of fairness associated with these interactions, thus affecting pricing decisions associated with market exchange. As norms emerge, an ideal determines the criteria of optimal behavior and serves as a basis for market exchange. Norms homogenize the […]

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• Working Paper No. 778 November 01, 2013

  Modern Money Theory 101

  L. Randall Wray
  Abstract

  One of the main contributions of Modern Money Theory (MMT) has been to explain why monetarily sovereign governments have a very flexible policy space that is unencumbered by hard financial constraints. Through a detailed analysis of the institutions and practices surrounding the fiscal and monetary operations of the treasury and central bank of many nations, […]

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• Strategic Analysis October 16, 2013

  Η εδραίωση της ανάκαμψης: Προοπτικές και πολιτικές για τις Ηνωμένες Πολιτείες

  Dimitri B. Papadimitriou, Gennaro Zezza, and Michalis Nikiforos
  Abstract

  Στην περίπτωση που επαληθευτούν οι προβλέψεις του Γραφείο Προϋπολογισμού του Κογκρέσου για τα κρατικά έσοδα και τις δαπάνες, η οικονομία των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών δεν θα μπορέσει να αναπτυχθεί αρκετά γρήγορα προκειμένου να μειωθεί το ποσοστό της ανεργίας από σήμερα έως το 2016. Το έλλειμμα θα μειωθεί από τα σημερινά του επίπεδα, θέτοντας σε κίνδυνο τη […]

  Download Στρατηγική Ανάλυση, Οκτώβριος 2013 PDF (1.94 MB)
• Strategic Analysis October 16, 2013

  Rescuing the Recovery: Prospects and Policies for the United States

  Dimitri B. Papadimitriou, Gennaro Zezza, and Michalis Nikiforos
  Abstract

  If the Congressional Budget Office’s recent projections of government revenues and outlays come to pass, the United States will not grow fast enough to bring down the unemployment rate between now and 2016. The public sector deficit will decline from present levels, endangering the sustainability of the recovery. But as this new Strategic Analysis shows, […]

  Download Strategic Analysis, October 2013 PDF (908.04 KB)
• Policy Notes No. 9 October 10, 2013

  A New “Lehman Moment,” or Something Worse?

  Michalis Nikiforos
  Abstract

  The United States entered the second week of a government shutdown on Monday, with no end to the deadlock in sight. The cost to the government of a similar shutdown in 1995–96 amounted to $2.1 billion in today’s dollars. However, the cost and broader consequences of today’s shutdown are not yet clear—especially since the US […]

  Download Policy Note 2013/9 PDF (242.10 KB)