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35 publications found, searching for 'COVID-19 '

  • Working Paper No. 1064 December 06, 2024

    Seismic Shifts in Economic Theory and Policy from the Bernanke Doctrine to Modern Money Theory

    Pavlina R. Tcherneva, and Éric Tymoigne
    Abstract

    Originally issued as EDI Working Paper No. 08, 2022  This paper evaluates the relationship between monetary and fiscal policy and the relative effectiveness of macroeconomic stabilization through the lens of Modern Money Theory (MMT). We articulate previously-neglected aspects of monetary sovereignty to offer a new interpretation of the Bernanke Doctrine that emerged in the wake of […]

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  • Working Paper No. 1059 November 26, 2024

    Three Lessons from Government Spending and the Post-Pandemic Recovery

    Pavlina R. Tcherneva
    Abstract

    Originally issued as EDI Working Paper No. 01, 2021 The central lesson of the COVID-19 fiscal response is that money is not scarce. Without delay, governments around the world appropriated budgets that dwarfed any other postwar crisis policy. In 2020, Japan passed a stimulus package equal to 54.8 percent of GDP, while in the U.S., […]

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  • Policy Notes November 04, 2024

    Inflation

    Edward Lane
    Abstract

    Edward Lane surveys some of the main potential contributors to the recent period of elevated inflation rates in the US economy—focusing on supply disruptions, inflation-adjusted consumer spending, and consumer spending attributable to price markups—­and outlines prominent proposals being made by the 2024 presidential candidates that may have an impact on inflation.

    Download Policy Note 2024/2 PDF (562.43 KB)
  • Strategic Analysis February 15, 2024

    Greece: Time to Reduce the Dependency on Imports

    Dimitri B. Papadimitriou, Nikolaos Rodousakis, Giuliano Toshiro Yajima, and Gennaro Zezza
    Abstract

    In this report, Dimitri B. Papadimitriou, Nikolaos Rodousakis, Giuliano T. Yajima, and Gennaro Zezza investigate the determinants of the recent performance of the Greek economy. Despite geopolitical instability from the continuing Ukraine-Russia and Israel-Gaza wars and higher-than-expected inflation rates, the country has managed to register the highest growth rates among eurozone member-states in 2021 and […]

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  • One-Pager No. 71 December 14, 2023

    Has the Time Arrived for a Job Guarantee in Europe?

    Rania Antonopoulos
    Abstract

    In comparison to the policy responses in the aftermath of the 2008–9 global financial crisis, the reactions of EU policymakers to the combined shocks of the COVID-19 crisis and Ukraine-Russia conflict reveal a greater willingness to deploy public finance in support of the population. Yet, while this display of renewed solidarity is commendable, policymakers have […]

    Download One-Pager No. 71 PDF (133.66 KB)
  • Policy Notes No. 4 August 23, 2023

    Effects of Forced Formalization (Demonetization) in the Indian Economy 

    Nischal Dhungel
    Abstract

    Nischal Dhungel examines the impact of India’s demonetization experiment—an effort at “forced formalization” of the economy. He urges a more organic approach to formalization, pairing efforts to bring the unbanked population into the banking system with greater funding and accessibility for India’s signature employment guarantee program.

    Download Policy Note 2023/4 PDF (388.60 KB)
  • Strategic Analysis July 20, 2023

    Will the US Debt Ceiling Deal Derail the Pandemic Recovery?

    Dimitri B. Papadimitriou, Gennaro Zezza, Michalis Nikiforos, and Giuliano Toshiro Yajima
    Abstract

    In this Strategic Analysis, Dimitri B. Papadimitriou, Michalis Nikiforos, Giuliano T. Yajima, and Gennaro Zezza discuss how the current state and structural features of the US economy might affect its future trajectory. The recent recovery after the pandemic has been remarkable, when compared to previous cycles, and offers evidence of the efficacy of fiscal policy. […]

    Download Strategic Analysis, July 2023 PDF (1.54 MB)
  • One-Pager December 07, 2022

    The Causes of Pandemic Inflation

    L. Randall Wray
    Abstract

    While the trigger for the Covid recession was unusual—a collapse of the supply side that produced a drop in demand—the inflation the US economy is now facing is not atypical, according to L. Randall Wray. In this one-pager, he explores the causes of the current inflationary environment, arguing that continuing inflation pressures come mostly from […]

    Download One-Pager No. 70 PDF (128.13 KB)
  • Strategic Analysis October 13, 2022

    Greece: Recovery, or Another Recession?

    Dimitri B. Papadimitriou, Gennaro Zezza, and Nikolaos Rodousakis
    Abstract

    In this strategic analysis, Institute President Dimitri B. Papadimitriou, Senior Scholar Gennaro Zezza, and Research Associate Nikolaos Rodousakis discuss the medium-term prospects for the Greek economy in a time of increasing uncertainty—due to the geopolitical turbulence emanating from the Ukraine–Russian conflict, with its impact on the cost of energy, as well as the increase in […]

    Download Strategic Analysis, October 2022 PDF (1.18 MB)
  • Strategic Analysis October 13, 2022

    Ελλάδα: Ανάκαμψη, ή μια νέα Ύφεση;

    Dimitri B. Papadimitriou, Gennaro Zezza, and Nikolaos Rodousakis
    Abstract

    Σε αυτή τη στρατηγική ανάλυση, ο Πρόεδρος του Ινστιτούτου Δημήτρης Παπαδημητρίου, ο ερευνητής Gennaro Zezza και ο επιστημονικός συνεργάτης Νίκος Ροδουσάκης αναλύουν τις μεσοπρόθεσμες προοπτικές για την ελληνική οικονομία, σε μια περίοδο αυξανόμενης αβεβαιότητας, λόγω των γεωπολιτικών αναταραχών που προέρχονται από την Ρώσο-Ουκρανική σύγκρουση με αντίκτυπό το υψηλό κόστος ενέργειας και αυξημένων διεθνών τιμών εισαγόμενων […]

    Download ΕΛΛΑΔΑ ΣΤΡΑΤΗΓΙΚΗ ΑΝΑΛΥΣΗ 10 2022 PDF (1.27 MB)
  • Working Paper No. 1010 September 06, 2022

    Reflections on Angela Merkel’s Career as Chancellor of Germany and the Greek Financial Odyssey

    George Zestos, Harrison Whittleton, and Alejandro Fernandez-Ribas
    Abstract

    Angela Merkel is the second-longest-serving chancellor of modern Germany, with more than 16 years in office. During her tenure there were many years of economic stability, but there were also years of domestic, EU, and geopolitical tensions. Merkel inherited an economy that was recovering after the launching of probusiness policies known as the Hartz I […]

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  • Working Paper No. 1003 March 04, 2022

    What’s Causing Accelerating Inflation

    L. Randall Wray, and Yeva Nersisyan
    Abstract

    This paper examines the recent increase of the measured inflation rate to assess the degree to which the acceleration is due to problems created (largely on the supply side) by the pandemic versus pressures created on the demand side by pandemic relief. Some have attributed the inflation to excess demand, most notably Larry Summers, who […]

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  • Working Paper No. 1002 February 04, 2022

    COVID-19 and Fiscal-Monetary Policy Coordination

    Lekha S. Chakraborty, and Harikrishnan S
    Abstract

    Against the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic, this paper analyzes the economic stimulus packages announced by the Indian national government and tries to identify some plausible fiscal and monetary policy coordination. The shrinking fiscal space due to revenue uncertainties has led to a theoretical plausibility of a reemergence of finite monetization of deficits in India. […]

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  • Working Paper No. 999 January 18, 2022

    Structural Change, Productive Development, and Capital Flows

    Alberto Botta, Giuliano Toshiro Yajima, and Gabriel Porcile
    Abstract

    The outbreak of COVID-19 brought back to the forefront the crucial importance of structural change and productive development for economic resilience to economic shocks. Several recent contributions have already stressed the perverse relationship that may exist between productive backwardness and the intensity of the COVID-19 socioeconomic crisis. In this paper, we analyze the factors that […]

    Download Working Paper No. 999 PDF (583.65 KB)
  • Policy Notes No. 4 November 10, 2021

    A Recovery for Whom?

    Nikolaos Rodousakis, Vlassis Missos, and George Soklis
    Abstract

    The COVID-19 pandemic has revealed multiple risks faced by economies whose production structures depend on the volatility of international conditions. In the case of Greece, this has manifested itself in the severe impact the pandemic has had on one of the linchpins of the Greek economy: the tourism sector. Vlassis Missos, Nikolaos Rodousakis, and George […]

    Download Policy Note 2021/4 PDF (132.08 KB)
  • Strategic Analysis June 17, 2021

    The Pandemic, the Stimulus, and the Future Prospects for the US Economy

    Dimitri B. Papadimitriou, Gennaro Zezza, and Michalis Nikiforos
    Abstract

    In this report, Institute President Dimitri B. Papadimitriou and Research Scholars Michalis Nikiforos and Gennaro Zezza analyze how the US economy was affected by the pandemic and its prospects for recovery. Their baseline simulation using the Institute’s stock-flow macroeconometric model shows a significant pickup in the growth rate in 2021 as a result of the American […]

    Download Strategic Analysis, June 2021 PDF (1.64 MB)
  • Policy Notes No. 3 June 08, 2021

    Why President Biden Should Eliminate Corporate Taxes to Build Back Better

    L. Randall Wray, and Edward Lane
    Abstract

    Edward Lane and L. Randall Wray explain how federal taxes on corporate profits are not well suited to either containing inflationary pressures or reducing inequality. They are not only a poor complement to President Biden’s proposed infrastructure plans, but are inefficient and ineffective taxes more broadly, according to Lane and Wray. The authors follow Hyman […]

    Download Policy Note 2021/3 PDF (353.00 KB)
  • Policy Notes No. 2 May 13, 2021

    Gender and Race in the Spotlight during the COVID-19 Pandemic

    Luiza Nassif Pires, Luísa Cardoso, and Ana Luíza Matos de Oliveira
    Abstract

    Research Scholar Luiza Nassif-Pires, Luísa Cardoso, and Ana Luíza Matos de Oliveira analyze the importance of the “emergency benefit” (Auxílio Emergencial) in containing the increase in poverty and extreme poverty in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. They find the emergency benefit mitigated the loss of income, brought the poverty rate to historically low levels, and […]

    Download Policy Note 2021/2 PDF (406.94 KB)
  • One-Pager No. 65 February 17, 2021

    COVID Relief and the Inflation Warriors

    L. Randall Wray, and Yeva Nersisyan
    Abstract

    With the unveiling of President Biden’s nearly $2 trillion proposal for addressing the COVID-19 crisis, Democrats appear keen to avoid repeating the mistakes of the Great Recession—most notably the inadequate fiscal response. Yeva Nersisyan and L. Randall Wray observe that while Democrats are not falling for the “deficit bogeyman” this time, critics have pushed the […]

    Download One-Pager No. 65 PDF (129.56 KB)
  • Working Paper No. 981 January 19, 2021

    What Jobs Should a Public Job Guarantee Provide?

    Daniel Haim
    Abstract

    The job guarantee is a viable policy option for tackling both unemployment and underemployment. Hyman P. Minsky was one of the seminal writers on this subject. The first part of this working paper provides a survey of Minsky’s writings to identify what kind of jobs he had in mind when recommending employer-of-last-resort policies. Minsky favored: […]

    Download Working Paper No. 981 PDF (261.47 KB)
  • Working Paper No. 978 November 16, 2020

    Potential Impact of Daycare Closures on Parental Child Caregiving in Turkey

    Ebru Kongar, and Emel Memiş
    Abstract

    Daycares closed on March 16, 2020 in Turkey to prevent the spread of COVID-19. At the same time, the two most common nonparental childcare arrangements in Turkey—care of children by grandparents and nannies—became undesirable due to health concerns and in some cases also unfeasible due to the partial lockdown for individuals under the age of […]

    Download Working Paper No. 978 PDF (689.72 KB)
  • Policy Notes No. 6 October 15, 2020

    Alternative Macro Policy Response for a Pandemic Recession

    Jan Kregel
    Abstract

    As COVID-19 infection and test positivity rates rise in the United States and federal stimulus plans expire, Senior Scholar Jan Kregel articulates an alternative approach to analyzing the economic problems raised by the pandemic and organizing an appropriate policy response. In contrast to both the mainstream and some Keynesian-inspired approaches, Kregel advocates a central role […]

    Download Policy Note 2020/6 PDF (154.47 KB)
  • Strategic Analysis October 06, 2020

    When Will Italy Recover?

    Dimitri B. Papadimitriou, Gennaro Zezza, and Francesco Zezza
    Abstract

    Italy was the first European country to be impacted by COVID-19, rapidly overwhelming healthcare facilities in some areas and prompting the government to shut down nonessential economic activities, with an inevitable (asymmetric) impact on production and income. Though the gradual reopening of most business activities began in 2020Q3, the extent of the shutdown’s damage is […]

    Download Strategic Analysis, October 2020 PDF (540.95 KB)
  • Working Paper No. 968 September 14, 2020

    The COVID-19 Crisis

    Leonardo Burlamaqui, and Ernani T. Torres Filho
    Abstract

    The COVID-19 crisis paralyzed huge parts of the planet in weeks. It not only infected the population but injected a gargantuan dose of uncertainty into the system. In that regard, as in many others, it is a phenomenon without precedent. As of the time of writing (May–June 2020), we are witnessing, simultaneously, a health crisis, […]

    Download Working Paper No. 968 PDF (1.23 MB)

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Blithewood
Bard College
Annandale-on-Hudson, NY 12504-5000
845-758-7700
The Levy Economics Institute of Bard College, founded in 1986 through the generous support of Bard College trustee Leon Levy, is a nonprofit, nonpartisan, public policy research organization. The Levy Institute is independent of any political or other affiliation, and encourages diversity of opinion in the examination of economic policy issues while striving to transform ideological arguments into informed debate.